87,370 research outputs found
Preliminary experimental results for a cryogenic brush seal configuration
Preliminary fluid nitrogen flow data are reported for a five-brush, ceramic-coated-rub-runner brush seal system, where the brushes and the rub runner were placed at each end of a centrally pressurized multifunction tester ('back-to-back' set of brushes) and tested at rotor speeds of 0, 10, 18, and 22.5 krpm. After testing, both the brushes and the ceramic-coated rub runner appeared pristine. The coating withstood both the thermomechanical and dynamic loadings with minor wear track scarring. The bristle tips showed some indication of material shearing (smearing) wear. The Ergun porous flow equation was applied to the brush seal data. The Ergun relation, which required heuristic information to characterize the coefficients, fit the gaseous data but was in poor agreement with the fluid results. The brush seal exit conditions were two phase. Two-phase, choked-flow design charts were applied but required one data point at each rotor speed to define the (C(sub f)A x Constant) flow and area coefficients. Reasonable agreement between prediction and data was found, as expected, but such methods are not to be construed as two-phase-flow brush seal analyses
A density functional study of the structure of tethered chains in a binary mixture
A density functional study of the structure of a layer formed by chain
molecules pinned to a solid surface is presented. The chains are modeled as
freely joined spheres. Segments and all components interact via Lennard-Jones
(12-6) potential. The interactions of fluid molecules with the wall are
described by the Lennard-Jones (9-3) potential. We analyze how different
parameters of the model affect the dependence of the brush height upon the
mixture composition. We consider the effect of grafting density and the
parameters characterizing the interactions of fluid molecules with the
substrate and with the chains as well as interactions within the mixture. The
changes in the brush height correlate with the adsorption of particular
components.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
The cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin2 regulates brush border length and organization in Drosophila renal tubules
Multicellular organisms rely on cell adhesion molecules to coordinate cell–cell interactions, and to provide navigational cues during tissue formation. In Drosophila, Fasciclin 2 (Fas2) has been intensively studied due to its role in nervous system development and maintenance; yet, Fas2 is most abundantly expressed in the adult renal (Malpighian) tubule rather than in neuronal tissues. The role Fas2 serves in this epithelium is unknown. Here we show that Fas2 is essential to brush border maintenance in renal tubules of Drosophila. Fas2 is dynamically expressed during tubule morphogenesis, localizing to the brush border whenever the tissue is transport competent. Genetic manipulations of Fas2 expression levels impact on both microvilli length and organization, which in turn dramatically affect stimulated rates of fluid secretion by the tissue. Consequently, we demonstrate a radically different role for this well-known cell adhesion molecule, and propose that Fas2-mediated intermicrovillar homophilic adhesion complexes help stabilize the brush border
Pressure-driven flow of oligomeric fluid in nano-channel with complex structure. A dissipative particle dynamics study
We develop a simulational methodology allowing for simulation of the
pressure-driven flow in the pore with flat and polymer-modified walls. Our
approach is based on dissipative particle dynamics and we combine earlier ideas
of fluid-like walls and reverse flow. As a test case we consider the oligomer
flow through the pore with flat walls and demonstrate good thermostatting
qualities of the proposed method. We found the inhomogeneities in both oligomer
shape and alignment across the pore leading to a non-parabolic velocity
profiles. The method is subsequently applied to a nano-channel decorated with a
polymer brush stripes arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction. At
certain threshold value of a flow force we find a pillar-to-lamellar
morphological transition, which leads to the brush enveloping the pore wall by
a relatively smooth layer. At higher flow rates, the flow of oligomer has
similar properties as in the case of flat walls, but for the narrower effective
pore size. We observe stretching and aligning of the polymer molecules along
the flow near the pore walls.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure
Further investigation of the spontaneous and evoked activity of the primary neurons of statoreceptors (and other receptors) of the labyrinth of the bullfrog before, during and after an extended period of weightlessness, including alternative intervals of artificial gravity
Vestibular neuron activity was examined by studying nerve stimulation and evoked response. A cooling element, applied to the nerve consisted of a silver hook through which a coolant fluid flowed. Temperature changes were recorded via microtermistors on an eight channel brush recorder, together with response. Diffusion of the cooling effect was measured, recovery time was assessed, and the nerve was then studied hystologically and ultrastructurally. Problems in frog preparation were discussed along with problems in maintaining healthy specimens and bacteria controlled aquaria
Changes in the structure of tethered chain molecules as predicted by density functional approach
We use a version of the density functional theory to study the changes in the
height of the tethered layer of chains built of jointed spherical segments with
the change of the length and surface density of chains. For the model in which
the interactions between segments and solvent molecules are the same as between
solvent molecules we have discovered two effects that have not been observed in
previous studies. Under certain conditions and for low surface concentrations
of the chains, the height of the pinned layer may attain a minimum. Moreover,
for some systems we observe that when the temperature increases, the height of
the layer of chains may decrease.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Fluid Flow Induced by Asymmetrically Driven Polymer Brushes in Nanoscale Channels
A Nano ElectroMechanical System (NEMS) is theoretically introduced, through a Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulation model, as a new and novel approach to the issue of nano-pumps. The design features a nanoscale planar slit pore filled with solvent and a grafted polymer brush on the inner face of the lower plane (substrate). The polymer brush is susceptible to the influence of an external driving field, with an intensity modulated by a three phase square wave. The brush couples to the external field directly through fundamental forces, while a secondary coupling transfers momentum to the solvent through hydrodynamic interactions. The result is net solvent velocity along a preferred direction, over many oscillation cycles, while the grafted brush remains anchored in place. This study explores the net solvent response as a function of grafting density, field intensity, fluid viscosity and polymer chain length. Simulation data is presented which suggests that solvent flow is maximized for moderate grafting densities due to an optimal saturation of solvent particles within the polymer brush, near their interface, in conjunction with adequate surface area provided by the collection of polymer segments near the brush boundary. This exchange is necessary to ensure proper hydrodynamic coupling
Static and dynamic properties of the interface between a polymer brush and a melt of identical chains
Molecular dynamics simulations of a short-chain polymer melt between two
brush-covered surfaces under shear have been performed. The end-grafted
polymers which constitute the brush have the same chemical properties as the
free chains in the melt and provide a soft deformable substrate. Polymer chains
are described by a coarse-grained bead-spring model with Lennard-Jones
interactions between the beads and a FENE potential between nearest neighbors
along the backbone of the chains. The grafting density of the brush layer
offers a way of controlling the behavior of the surface without altering the
molecular interactions. We perform equilibrium and non-equilibrium Molecular
Dynamics simulations at constant temperature and volume using the Dissipative
Particle Dynamics thermostat. The equilibrium density profiles and the behavior
under shear are studied as well as the interdigitation of the melt into the
brush, the orientation on different length scales (bond vectors, radius of
gyration, and end-to-end vector) of free and grafted chains, and velocity
profiles. The viscosity and slippage at the interface are calculated as
functions of grafting density and shear velocity.Comment: 12 pages, submitted to J Chem Phy
Seal Technology at Rocketdyne
Seal codes currently in use and their capabilities are discussed. Among the codes currently in use are codes for simulating floating ring seals, face seals, and load sharing seals. New codes that will extend simulation capability to barotropic fluid properties, phase change, brush seal performance, large scale roughness, and asymmetric boundary conditions are under development. Planned seal testing and fluid film bearing activity are also presented
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