Flood control management system for reservoirs

Author name used in this publication: Chun-Tian ChengAuthor name used in this publication: K. W. Chau2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Assessment of Flood Control Capabilities for Alternative Reservoir Storage Allocations

Reservoir operation and storage allocation are important duties for agencies and water management professionals in Texas and elsewhere responsible for supplying water for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses, hydroelectric power generation, recreation, navigation, and maintenance of instream flow for fish and wildlife, and protecting human lives and properties from flooding. Flood control capabilities for alternative reservoir storage allocations are assessed in the thesis research using the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) with a daily version of the WRAP input dataset for the Trinity River Basin from the Texas Water Availability Modeling (WAM) System expanded to incorporate flood control operations. Tradeoffs between flood control and water supply in multiple-purpose reservoirs are analyzed. A system of eight multiple-purpose reservoirs operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the Trinity River Basin serves as a case study for this research. WRAP/WAM capabilities for simulating reservoir system operations for flood control were tested and improved. Frequency analyses of maximum annual storage levels were performed for both actual observed storage and storage computed by the simulation model for alternative modeling premises and reservoir operating strategies. The frequency analyses focused on determining the probability of exceeding flood control storage capacities. The Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) Statistical Software Package (SSP) was used to apply the log-normal and log-Pearson type III probability distribution functions. Various issues in simulating multiple-purpose reservoir systems and performing storage frequency analyses were investigated. Reallocations of storage capacity in the eight reservoirs from water supply to flood control can be implemented by raising the designated top of conservation pool. Impacts on flood control are evaluated in this study in terms of probability of overtopping the flood control pool. Impacts on water supply are quantified based on changes in reliability metrics. Alternative nine simulations are performed in WRAP for the eight Trinity River Basin Reservoirs. Three of the nine simulations are reallocation of storage capacities from flood control pool to conservation pool. Storage capacities, flood frequency analyses, and water supply reliabilities are compared and assessed for both actual observed storage capacities and simulation results

Control of Systems of Reservoirs with the Use of Risk Analysis

A system of reservoirs is usually defined as a system of water management elements, that are mutually linked by inner and outer connections in a purpose-built complex. Combined elements consist of reservoirs, river sections, dams, weirs, hydropower plants, water treatment plants and other hydraulic structures. These elements also include the rainfall system, the run-off system, the ground water system, etc. A system of reservoirs serves many purposes, which result from the basic functions of water reservoirs: storage, flood control and environmental functions. Most reservoirs serve several purposes at the same time. They are so called multi-purposes reservoirs. Optimum design and control of a system of reservoirs depends strongly on identifying the particular purposes. In order to assess these purposes and to evaluate the appropriate set of criteria, risk analysis can be used. Design and control of water reservoir functions is consequently solved with the use of multi-objective optimisation. This paper deals with the use of the risk analysis to determine criteria for controlling the system. This approach is tested on a case study of the Pastviny dam in the Czech Republic

Enhancing the representation of water management in global hydrological models

This study enhances an existing global hydrological model (GHM), Xanthos, by adding a new water management module that distinguishes between the operational characteristics of irrigation, hydropower, and flood control reservoirs. We remapped reservoirs in the Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD) database to the 0.5∘ spatial resolution in Xanthos so that a single lumped reservoir exists per grid cell, which yielded 3790 large reservoirs. We implemented unique operation rules for each reservoir type, based on their primary purposes. In particular, hydropower reservoirs have been treated as flood control reservoirs in previous GHM studies, while here, we determined the operation rules for hydropower reservoirs via optimization that maximizes long-term hydropower production. We conducted global simulations using the enhanced Xanthos and validated monthly streamflow for 91 large river basins, where high-quality observed streamflow data were available. A total of 1878 (296 hydropower, 486 irrigation, and 1096 flood control and others) out of the 3790 reservoirs are located in the 91 basins and are part of our reported results. The Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) value (after adding the new water management) is ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.0 in 39 and 81 basins, respectively. After adding the new water management module, model performance improved for 75 out of 91 basins and worsened for only 7. To measure the relative difference between explicitly representing hydropower reservoirs and representing hydropower reservoirs as flood control reservoirs (as is commonly done in other GHMs), we use the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). Out of the 296 hydropower reservoirs, the NRMSE is &gt; 0.25 (i.e., considering 0.25 to represent a moderate difference) for over 44 % of the 296 reservoirs when comparing both the simulated reservoir releases and storage time series between the two simulations. We suggest that correctly representing hydropower reservoirs in GHMs could have important implications for our understanding and management of freshwater resource challenges at regional-to-global scales. This enhanced global water management modeling framework will allow the analysis of future global reservoir development and management from a coupled human–earth system perspective.</p

Integrated flood forecasting and management system in a complex catchment area in the Alps—implementation of the MINERVE project in the Canton of Valais

A complex hydrologic-hydraulic model has been developed for the Upper Rhone River basin in Switzerland. It is currently operational in the Canton of Valais for real-time flood forecasting and management, providing automatic warnings to the crisis cell of the Canton as well as proposing preventive emptying operations of dam reservoirs to reduce potential flood damage. The system is connected with a database for real-time data transfer and a website has been created to provide information for flood management, such as warning levels, hydrological forecasts at the main control points of the Rhône River and its tributaries, precipitation forecasts over the whole basin, snow cover state and reservoirs water levels. Besides, a hydrological call center has been established for supporting the crisis cell during risked event situations

National Water Resources Policy Issues

Syftet med mitt arbete är att undersöka vad elever i klass 7 och klass 8 som läser spanska som andra språk ser som motiverande för sina spanskstudier. Jag ville även titta närmare vad som kan skapa motivation hos eleverna. I min undersökning ville jag också undersöka vilka strategier lärare har för att öka elevernas motivation för att läsa spanska. Som metod valde jag att göra en enkätundersökning bland i elever som går i Åk 7 och Åk 8 på två kommunala skolor och två friskolor. Dessutom har jag intervjuat två undervisade spansklärare. Studien visade att lärarna har mycket stor betydelse för elevernas motivation och de beskriver att de blir mest motiverade av ha en rolig, trevlig och kompetent lärare. Men även arbetsmiljön är viktig, för att kunna koncentrerar sig på undervisningen under lektionerna. Lärarna beskriver också vilka aktiviteter och metoder de använder för att höja motivation hos eleverna. Lärarna pekar bland annat på att de försöker välja intressant material för att kunna göra effektiva och givande lektioner. Lärarna ser också att elevernas motivation höjs om de får vara med och välja material som de ska arbeta med

EOR as sequestration: Geoscience perspective

CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has a development and operational history several decades longer than geologic sequestration of CO2 designed to benefit the atmosphere and provides much of the experience on which confidence in the newer technology is based. With modest increases in surveillance and accounting, future CO2 EOR using anthropogenic CO2 (CO2-A) captured to decrease atmospheric emissions can be used as part of a sequestration program.Bureau of Economic Geolog