1,208 research outputs found
Sound Randomized Smoothing in Floating-Point Arithmetics
Randomized smoothing is sound when using infinite precision. However, we show
that randomized smoothing is no longer sound for limited floating-point
precision. We present a simple example where randomized smoothing certifies a
radius of around a point, even though there is an adversarial example in
the distance and extend this example further to provide false
certificates for CIFAR10. We discuss the implicit assumptions of randomized
smoothing and show that they do not apply to generic image classification
models whose smoothed versions are commonly certified. In order to overcome
this problem, we propose a sound approach to randomized smoothing when using
floating-point precision with essentially equal speed and matching the
certificates of the standard, unsound practice for standard classifiers tested
so far. Our only assumption is that we have access to a fair coin.Comment: Submitted NeurIPS 202
Reducing roundoff errors in numerical integration of planetary ephemeris
Modern lunar-planetary ephemerides are numerically integrated on the
observational timespan of more than 100 years (with the last 20 years having
very precise astrometrical data). On such long timespans, not only finite
difference approximation errors, but also the accumulating arithmetic roundoff
errors become important because they exceed random errors of high-precision
range observables of Moon, Mars, and Mercury. One way to tackle this problem is
using extended-precision arithmetics available on x86 processors. Noting the
drawbacks of this approach, we propose an alternative: using double-double
arithmetics where appropriate. This will allow to use only double precision
floating-point primitives which have ubiquitous support
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