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    ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฐฉ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2020. 8. ๊น€๋Œ€ํ˜•.Networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising candidate for use as a basic building block for next-generation soft electronics, owing to their superior mechanical and electrical properties, chemical stability, and low production cost. In particular, the CNTs, which are produced as a mixture of metallic and semiconducting CNTs via chemical vapor deposition, can be sorted according to their electronic types, which makes them useful for specific purposes: semiconducting CNTs can be employed as channel materials in transistor-based applications and metallic CNTs as electrodes. However, the development of CNT-based electronics for soft applications is still at its infant stage, mainly limited by the lack of solid technologies for developing high-performance deformable devices whose electrical performances are comparable to those fabricated using conventional inorganic materials. In this regard, soft CNT electronics with high mechanical stability and electrical performances have been pursued. First, wearable nonvolatile memory modules and logic gates were fabricated by employing networks of semiconducting CNTs as the channel materials, with strain-tolerant device designs for high mechanical stability. The fabricated devices exhibited low operation voltages, high device-to-device uniformity, on/off ratios, and on-current density, while maintaining its performance during ~30% stretching after being mounted on the human skin. In addition, various functional logic gates verified the fidelity of the reported technology, and successful fabrication of non-volatile memory modules with wearable features has been reported for the first time at the time of publication. Second, the networks of semiconducting CNTs were used to fabricate signal amplifiers with a high gain of ~80, which were then used to amplify electrocardiogram (ECG) signals measured using a wearable sensor. At the same time, color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (CTOLEDs) were developed based on ultra-thin charge blocking layer that controlled the flow of excitons during different voltage regimes. Together, they were integrated to construct a health monitoring platform whereby real-time ECG signals could be detected while simultaneously notifying its user of the ECG status via color changes of the wearable CTOLEDs. Third, intrinsically stretchable CNT transistors were developed, which was enabled by the developments of thickness controllable, vacuum-deposited stretchable dielectric layer and vacuum-deposited metal thin films. Previous works employed strain-tolerant device designs which are based on the use of filamentary serpentine-shaped interconnections, which severely sacrifice the device density. The developed stretchable dielectric, compatible with the current vacuum-based microfabrication technology, exhibited excellent insulating properties even for nanometer-range thicknesses, thereby enabling significant electrical performance improvements such as low operation voltage and high device uniformity/reproducibility, which has not been realized in the most advanced intrinsically stretchable transistors of today.ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ , ํ™”ํ•™์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋Œ€๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘๋งŒํผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ ํ˜น์€ ์ •๋ ฌ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 10์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ์™€ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž์˜ ์†Œ์ž ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํšŒ๋กœ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ ธ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์œ„์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์—ฐ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘์ƒ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›จ์–ด๋Ÿฌ๋ธ” ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์ „๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ‰๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ „๋„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (๋†’์€ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ „์••, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘์ ๋„, ๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ์†Œ์ž ์„ ๋Šฅ ๊ท ์ผ๋„ ๋“ฑ). ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•ก์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž์†Œ์ž์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Discovery of CNTs and their benefits for soft electronic applications 1 1.2 Electrical sorting of CNTs 5 1.3 Deposition methods of solution-processed semiconducting CNTs 7 1.4 Conclusion 23 1.5 References 24 Chapter 2. Stretchable Carbon Nanotube Charge-Trap Floating-Gate Memory and Logic Devices for Wearable Electronics 32 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 Experimental section 34 2.3 Results and discussion 36 2.4 Conclusion 62 2.5 References 63 Chapter 3. Wearable Electrocardiogram Monitor Using Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Color-Tunable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Experimental section 70 3.3 Results and discussion 73 3.4 Conclusion 97 3.5 References 98 Chapter 4. Medium-Scale Electronic Skin Based on Carbon Nanotube Transistors with Vacuum-Deposited Stretchable Dielectric Film 102 4.1 Introduction 102 4.2 Experimental section 106 4.3 Result and discussion 111 4.4 Conclusion 135 4.5 References 136Docto
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