907 research outputs found
Multilayer Thin Films
This book, "Multilayer Thin Films-Versatile Applications for Materials Engineering", includes thirteen chapters related to the preparations, characterizations, and applications in the modern research of materials engineering. The evaluation of nanomaterials in the form of different shapes, sizes, and volumes needed for utilization in different kinds of gadgets and devices. Since the recently developed two-dimensional carbon materials are proving to be immensely important for new configurations in the miniature scale in the modern technology, it is imperative to innovate various atomic and molecular arrangements for the modifications of structural properties. Of late, graphene and graphene-related derivatives have been proven as the most versatile two-dimensional nanomaterials with superb mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. To understand the in-depth technology, an effort has been made to explain the basics of nano dimensional materials. The importance of nano particles in various aspects of nano technology is clearly indicated. There is more than one chapter describing the use of nanomaterials as sensors. In this volume, an effort has been made to clarify the use of such materials from non-conductor to highly conducting species. It is expected that this book will be useful to the postgraduate and research students as this is a multidisciplinary subject
์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์ํฌ๋ฆด๋ก๋ํธ๋ฆด ๋๋ ธ์ฌ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ํธ๋์ค๋์ ์ ์กฐ ๋ฐ ํํ/๋ฐ์ด์ค์ผ์๋ก์ ์์ฉ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ํํ์๋ฌผ๊ณตํ๋ถ(์๋์งํ๊ฒฝ ํํ์ตํฉ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ณต),2020. 2. ์ฅ์ ์.In recent decades, there has been tremendous researches for developing one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials used for sensor transducer, owing to their structural properties such as high aspect ratio and high specific surface area. Among diverse method to fabricate 1D nanomaterials, electrospinning has been widely utilized because of their simple usage and low operating temperature. Additionally, because the manufactured fibers come in a mat form, various applications are possible in itself. Although, multifarious synthesis methods have been studied to prepare 1D nanomaterials via electrospinning, Research into the decoration of metals or metal oxides on the surface of nanofibers and method of carbonize nanofibers to produce flexible and free-standing mats are still lacking.
This dissertation proposes the method to prepare diverse electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN NFs) based composite materials for sensor application by decoration of metal or metal oxide and additional carbon. Firstly, shape controlled palladium nanoflower decorated polypyrrole/PAN NFs (Pd_PPy/PAN NFs) were prepared using electrospinning of PAN solution followed by polypyrrole vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) and electrodeposition of palladium nanoflowers. The shape of palladium was determined by controlling the sulfuric acid concentration in electrolyte during electrodeposition, and applied as a hydrogen peroxide sensor electrode material.
Secondly, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and metal etching were adopted to decorate copper (Cu) derived carbon on carbon nanofiber (CNF). The structure of Cu derived carbon was determined by the type of Cu used, and protrusion shape was produced on CNFs when sphere type Cu was used. Then, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-B binding aptamer was immobilized on as prepared materials and applied as PDGF biosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Finally, to fabricate manganese dioxide decorated carbon nanofiber (Mn@CNF), potassium permanganate was used as a precursor and chemically reduced by stirring and heat treatment. Using Mn@CNF as a transducer for sensor, the nerve gas agent simulant (DMMP) was detected with ultrasensitive.
In addition, the fact that the material produced in this dissertation exhibits electrical resistance and target analyte sensing performance that does not diminish despite of bending, offers the potential for flexible and free-standing substrate for sensor application.์ต๊ทผ, ๋์ ์ข
ํก๋น ๋ฐ ๋นํ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ์ผ์ ํธ๋์ค๋์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ก 1์ฐจ์ ๋๋
ธ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ๋ฐํ๊ฒ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. 1D ๋๋
ธ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ ์กฐํ๋ ๋ค์ํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ ์ค, ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ๋ ๊ฐ๋จํ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๋ฎ์ ์๋ ์จ๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด์๋ค. ๋ํ, ์ ์กฐ ๋ ์ฌ์ ๋ ๋งคํธ ํํ๋ก๋์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ๊ทธ ์์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ํ ์์ฉ์ ์ ์ฉ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค๋ ์ฅ์ ์ ์ง๋๋ค. ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด 1D ๋๋
ธ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ ์กฐํ๊ธฐ์ํ ๋ค์ํ ํฉ์ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ด ์์ง๋ง, ๋๋
ธ ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ธ์ ๋๋ ๊ธ์ ์ฐํ๋ฌผ์ ๋์
ํด ๋ณตํฉ๋๋
ธ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ๋ฅผ ํํ ํ ์ ์ฐํ๊ฒ ์ ์งํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฏธ์งํ๋ค.
์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๊ธ์, ๊ธ์์ฐํ๋ฌผ ๋๋ ํ์ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์ํฌ๋ฆด๋ก๋ํธ๋ฆด ๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ์ ๋์
ํด ๋ณตํฉ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ ์กฐํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ํ์๋ค. ์ฐ์ , ํด๋ฆฌ์ํฌ๋ฆด๋ก๋ํธ๋ฆด ์ฉ์ก์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌํด ์ ์กฐํ ๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ์คํฉ์ผ๋ก ํด๋ฆฌํผ๋กค์ ์ฝํ
ํ์๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์๋์ ๊ทน์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ํ์์ ์ ์ดํ ํ๋ผ๋ ๋๋
ธ ํ๋ผ์๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐ๋๊ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ด์ฉํด ๋์
ํ์๋ค. ํ๋ผ๋์ ํ์์ ์ ๊ธฐ๋๊ธ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์ ํด์ง์์ ํฉ์ฐ ๋๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ ์กฐํ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๊ณผ์ฐํ์์ ์ผ์ ์ ๊ทน ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ก์ ์ ์ฉ๋์๋ค.
๋๋ฒ์งธ๋ก, ํํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํ์ ๋๋
ธ ์ฌ์ ์์ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ์ ์กฐํ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉํ์๋ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ์ ์กฐํ ํ์์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์ข
๋ฅ์ ์ํด ๊ฒฐ์ ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ์ค ๊ตฌ ํ์ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ ๋ ํ์๋๋
ธ ์ฌ์ ์์ ๋๊ธฐ ํํ์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ ์ ์์๋ค. ์ ์กฐํ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ํ์ํ ์ ๋ ์ฑ์ฅ ์ธ์ (PDGF) ๊ฒฐํฉ ์ํ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ ์์ผ, ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ํ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ด์ค ์ผ์๋ก์ ์ ์ฉ ํ์๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก, ์ด์ฐํ๋ง๊ฐ์ ๋์
ํ ํ์๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์กฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด, ๊ณผ๋ง๊ฐ์ฐ ์นผ๋ฅจ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ณ ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ฐ์ ์ด์ฉํด ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์์์ผฐ๋ค. ์ ์กฐํ ๋ฌผ์ง์, ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ ๋์ฒด์ธ ๋๋ฉํธ ๋ฉํธํฌ์คํฌ๋ค์ดํธ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒ์ถ์ฉ ํํ์ผ์์ ํธ๋์ค๋์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ก ์ ์ฉํ์๋ค.
๋ํ ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์์ ์ ์กฐํ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด ๊ตฝํ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋์ง ์๋ ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ํญ ๋ฐ ํ๊ฒ ๋ถ์๋ฌผ์ง ๊ฐ์ง ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํตํด ์ ์ฐํ๊ณ ๋
๋ฆฝ๋ ๊ธฐํ ์ผ์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ก ํ์ฉ ํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ์๋ค.1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background 1
1.1.1. Conducting polymer 1
1.1.1.1. Polypyrrole 3
1.1.1.2. Vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) 8
1.1.2. One-dimensional nanomaterials 10
1.1.2.1. Electrospinning 13
1.1.2.2. Electrospun polymer derived carbon nanomaterials 16
1.1.3. Composite materials 17
1.1.3.1. Noble metal/conducting polymer composite materials 18
1.1.3.2. Metal oxide/carbon composite materials 19
1.1.4. Electrodeposition 20
1.1.5. CVD graphene 22
1.1.6. Sensor application 24
1.1.6.1. Liquid electrolyte gated FET type sensor 26
1.1.6.1.1. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor 28
1.1.6.1.2. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) sensor 30
1.1.6.2. Chemiresistive sensor 31
1.1.6.2.1. DMMP gas sensor 33
1.1.6.3. Flexible sensor 34
1.2. Objectives and Outlines 35
1.2.1. Objectives 35
1.2.2. Outlines 35
2. Experimental Details 37
2.1. Flexible Palladium nanoparticle decorated electrospun polypyrrole/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for hydrogen peroxide coalescing detection 37
2.1.1. Materials 37
2.1.2. Fabrication of Pd_PPy/PAN NFs 37
2.1.3. Electrical measurement of Pd_PPy/PAN NFs based non-enzyme sensor 38
2.1.4. Characterization 39
2.2. Copper derived CVD carbon/electrospun-carbon flexible and free-standing mat for PDGF biosensor 40
2.2.1. Materials 40
2.2.2. Fabrication of CuC/CNF mat 40
2.2.3. Electrical measurement of CuC/CNF mat aptamer sensor 41
2.2.4. Characterization 52
2.3. Mn@CNF flexible and free-standing mat for DMMP gas sensor. 43
2.3.1. Materials 43
2.3.2. Fabrication of Mn@CNF mat 43
2.3.3. Electrical measurement of Mn@CNF mat chemiresistive sensor 44
2.3.4. Characterization 45
3. Results and Discussion 46
3.1. Flexible Palladium nanoparticle decorated electrospun polypyrrole/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for hydrogen peroxide coalescing detection 46
3.1.1. Fabrication of Pd_PPy/PAN NFs 46
3.1.2. Characterization of Pd_PPy/PAN NFs 54
3.1.3. Electrical properties of the shape controlled Pd_PPy/PAN NFs electrode 61
3.1.4. Real-time response of FET-type H2O2 sensor based on shape-controlled Pd_PPy/PAN NFs electrode 63
3.2. Copper derived CVD carbon/electrospun-carbon flexible and free-standing mat for PDGF biosensor 67
3.2.1 Fabrication of the Cu derived carbon/CNF mat 67
3.2.3. Characterization of the Cu derived carbon/CNF mat. 71
3.2.4. Fabrication of liquid-ion gated FET-type sensor electrode 77
3.2.3. Electrical properties of the CuC/CNF mat based sensor 83
3.2.4. Real-time response of the Apt-FlakeC/CNF and Apt-SP10C/CNF mat based sensor 8+
3.3. Mn@CNF flexible and free-standing mat for DMMP gas sensor 93
3.3.1. Fabrication of Mn@CNF mat 93
3.3.2. Characterization of Mn@CNF mat 98
3.3.3. Electrical properties and real-time responses of the Mn@CNF mat based sensor to DMMP gas 103
4. Conclusion 114
Reference 117
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก 151Docto
Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers
Since the discovery of conducting polymers (CPs), their unique properties and tailor-made structures on-demand have shown in the last decade a renaissance and have been widely used in fields of chemistry and materials science. The chemical and thermal stability of CPs under ambient conditions greatly enhances their utilizations as active sensitive layers deposited either by in situ chemical or by electrochemical methodologies over electrodes and electrode arrays for fabricating gas sensor devices, to respond and/or detect particular toxic gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ions trapping at ambient temperature for environmental remediation and industrial quality control of production. Due to the extent of the literature on CPs, this chapter, after a concise introduction about the development of methods and techniques in fabricating CP nanomaterials, is focused exclusively on the recent advancements in gas sensor devices employing CPs and their nanocomposites. The key issues on nanostructured CPs in the development of state-of-the-art miniaturized sensor devices are carefully discussed. A perspective on next-generation sensor technology from a material point of view is demonstrated, as well. This chapter is expected to be comprehensive and useful to the chemical community interested in CPs-based gas sensor applications
Recent progress in nanocomposites based on conducting polymer: application as electrochemical sensors
Abstract Over the years, intensive research works have been devoted to conducting polymers due to their potential application in many fields such as fuel cell, sensors, and capacitors. To improve the properties of these compounds, several new approaches have been developed which consist in combining conducting polymers and nanoparticles. Then, this review intends to give a clear overview on nanocomposites based on conducting polymers, synthesis, characterization, and their application as electrochemical sensors. For this, the paper is divided into two parts: the first part will highlight the nanocomposites synthesized by combination of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and conducting polymers. The preparation of polymer/CNMs such as graphene and carbon nanotube modified electrode is presented coupled with relevant applications. The second part consists of a review of nanocomposites synthesized by combination of metal nanoparticles and conducting polymers
ReviewโNon-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review
Exhaled human breath analysis is a very promisingfield of research work having great potential for diagnosis of diseases in non-invasive way. Breath analysis has attracted huge attention in thefield of medical diagnosis and disease monitoring in the last twodecades. VOCs/gases (Volatile Organic Compounds) in exhaled breath bear thefinger-prints of metabolic and biophysicalprocesses going on in human body. Itโs a non-invasive, fast, non-hazardous, cost effective, and point of care process for diseasestate monitoring and environmental exposure assessment in human beings. Some VOCs/gases in exhaled breath are bio-markers ofdifferent diseases and their presence in excess amount is indicative of un-healthiness. Breath analysis has the potential for earlydetection of diseases. However, it is still underused and commercial device is yet not available owing to multiferrious challenges.This review is intended to provide an overview of major biomarkers (VOCs/gases) present in exhaled breath, importance of theiranalysis towards disease monitoring, analytical techniques involved, promising materials for breath analysis etc. Finally, relatedchallenges and limitations along with future scope will be touched upon.will be touched upon
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensors Development
Carbon-based nanomaterials have been increasingly used in sensors and biosensors design due to their advantageous intrinsic properties, which include, but are not limited to, high electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical stability, optical properties, large specific surface, biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. The most commonly applied carbonaceous nanomaterials are carbon nanotubes (single- or multi-walled nanotubes) and graphene, but promising data have been also reported for (bio)sensors based on carbon quantum dots and nanocomposites, among others. The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials, independent of the detection scheme and developed platform type (optical, chemical, and biological, etc.), has a major beneficial effect on the (bio)sensor sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance. As a consequence, carbon-based nanomaterials have been promoting a revolution in the field of (bio)sensors with the development of increasingly sensitive devices. This Special Issue presents original research data and review articles that focus on (experimental or theoretical) advances, challenges, and outlooks concerning the preparation, characterization, and application of carbon-based nanomaterials for (bio)sensor development
Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Materials, Technology, Design, and Application
This paper presents an overview of semiconductor materials used in gas sensors, their technology, design, and application. Semiconductor materials include metal oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and 2D materials. Metal oxides are most often the first choice due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, high sensitivity, and stability. Some of their disadvantages are low selectivity and high operating temperature. Conducting polymers have the advantage of a low operating temperature and can detect many organic vapors. They are flexible but affected by humidity. Carbon nanotubes are chemically and mechanically stable and are sensitive towards NO and NH3, but need dopants or modifications to sense other gases. Graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, boron nitride, transition metal carbides/nitrides, metal organic frameworks, and metal oxide nanosheets as 2D materials represent gas-sensing materials of the future, especially in medical devices, such as breath sensing. This overview covers the most used semiconducting materials in gas sensing, their synthesis methods and morphology, especially oxide nanostructures, heterostructures, and 2D materials, as well as sensor technology and design, application in advance electronic circuits and systems, and research challenges from the perspective of emerging technologies. ยฉ 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Multilayer Thin Films
This book, "Multilayer Thin Films-Versatile Applications for Materials Engineering", includes thirteen chapters related to the preparations, characterizations, and applications in the modern research of materials engineering. The evaluation of nanomaterials in the form of different shapes, sizes, and volumes needed for utilization in different kinds of gadgets and devices. Since the recently developed two-dimensional carbon materials are proving to be immensely important for new configurations in the miniature scale in the modern technology, it is imperative to innovate various atomic and molecular arrangements for the modifications of structural properties
Multilayer Thin Films
This book, "Multilayer Thin Films-Versatile Applications for Materials Engineering", includes thirteen chapters related to the preparations, characterizations, and applications in the modern research of materials engineering. The evaluation of nanomaterials in the form of different shapes, sizes, and volumes needed for utilization in different kinds of gadgets and devices. Since the recently developed two-dimensional carbon materials are proving to be immensely important for new configurations in the miniature scale in the modern technology, it is imperative to innovate various atomic and molecular arrangements for the modifications of structural properties
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