3,995 research outputs found
Generic typology for irrigation systems operation
Irrigation management / Irrigation systems / Water use efficiency / Canals / Operations / Typology / Water delivery / Water distribution / Water conveyance / Water storage / Irrigation effects / Environmental effects / Gravity flow / Hydraulics / Constraints / Water supply / Networks / Case studies / Sri Lanka
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Integrating Green Infrastructure Into Stormwater Policy: Reliability, Watershed Management, and Environmental Psychology as Holistic Tools for Success
As cities continue to expand, the issues of flood control and urban water quality have become major modern sustainability challenges. Green infrastructureâthe use of nature-based solutions to target, treat, and store stormwater at its sourceâhas emerged as a possible solution. While green infrastructure does offer multiple benefits for urban users, its performance is also highly variable. This Article addresses a key gap in existing literature by explicitly addressing how uncertainty in environmental and anthropogenic factors affects green infrastructure performance and integration within the Clean Water Actâs municipal separate storm sewer (MS4) regulatory program
Modular modeling for large scale canal networks
Trabalho apresentado em 10th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control, 2012, Funchal, Portugalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
GIS application in water resources master planning
Due to water scarcity, it is important to organize and regulate water resources
utilization to
satisfy the conflicting water demands and needs. This paper aims to describe a comprehensive
methodology for managing the water sector of a defined urbanized region, using the robust
capabilities of a Geographic Information System (GIS). The proposed methodology is based
on finding alternatives to cover the gap between recent supplies and future demands. Nablus
which is a main governorate located in the north of West Bank, Palestine, was selected as case
study because this area is classified as arid to
semi-arid area.
In fact, GIS integrates hardware,
software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographic
information. The resulted plan of Nablus represents
an example of the proposed methodology
implementation and a
valid framework for the elaboration of a water master plan
A multi-criteria model analysis framework for assessing integrated water-energy system transformation pathways
Sustainable development objectives surrounding water and energy are interdependent, and yet the associated performance metrics are often distinct. Regional planners tasked with designing future supply systems therefore require multi-criteria analysis methods and tools to determine a suitable combination of technologies and scale of investments. Previous research focused on optimizing system development strategy with respect to a single design objective, leading to potentially negative outcomes for other important sustainability metrics. This paper addresses this limitation, and presents a flexible multi-criteria model analysis framework that is applicable to long-term energy and water supply planning at national or regional scales in an interactive setup with decision-makers. The framework incorporates a linear systems-engineering model of the coupled supply technologies and inter-provincial transmission networks. The multi-criteria analysis approach enables the specification of diverse decision-making preferences for disparate criteria, and leads to quantitative understanding of trade-offs between the resulting criteria values of the corresponding Pareto-optimal solutions. A case study of the water-stressed nation of Saudi Arabia explores preferences combining aspiration and reservation levels in terms of cost, water sustainability and electricity sector CO2 emissions. The analysis reveals a suite of trade-off solutions, in which potential integrated water-energy system configurations remain relatively ambitious from both an economic and environmental perspective. The results highlight the importance of identifying suitable tradeoffs between water and energy sustainability objectives during the formulation of coupled transformation strategies
Institutional Path Dependence in Climate Adaptation: Comanâs âSome Unsettled Problems of Irrigationâ
Katharine Comanâs âSome Unsettled Problems of Irrigation,â published in March 1911 in the first issue of the American Economic Review addressed issues of water supply, rights, and organization. These same issues have relevance today 100 years later in face of growing concern about the availability of fresh water worldwide as demand grows and as supplies become more uncertain due to the potential effects of climate change. The central point of this article is that appropriative water rights and irrigation districts that emerged in the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to aridity to facilitate agricultural water delivery, use, and trade raise the transaction costs today of water markets. These markets are vital for smooth re-allocation of water to higher-valued uses elsewhere in the economy and for flexible response to greater hydrological uncertainty. This institutional path dependence illustrates how past arrangements to meet conditions of the time constrain contemporary economic opportunities. They cannot be easily significantly modified or replaced ex post.
Water Scarcity and Water Markets: A Comparison of Institutions and Practices in the Murray-Darling Basin of Australia and the Western US
Water markets in Australiaâs Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) and the US west are compared in terms of their ability to allocate scarce water resources among competing uses. Both locations have been in the forefront of the development of water markets with defined water rights and conveyance structures to assist in the reallocation of water across competing demands. They also share the challenge of managing water with climate variability and climate change. As these two markets occur in developed, wealthy countries, their experiences in water markets with different water rights (appropriative, riparian and statutory rights) provide âbest-caseâ scenarios of what institutional arrangements work best, indicate which are less effective, and demonstrate what might be possible for greater use of water markets elsewhere in the world. The paper finds that the gains from trade in the MDB is worth hundreds of millions of dollars in per year, total turnover in water rights exceeds 4.3 billion (2008 $) spent or committed by urban buyers between 1987 and 2008. Despite the clear benefits of water markets in both locations, there are on-going restrictions to trade that limit the potential gains and also third-party effects from use that require resolution.
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