254 research outputs found
Flexible, extensible, open-source and affordable FPGA-based traffic generator
International audienceAs high-speed links become ubiquitous in current networks, testing new algorithms at high-speed is essential for researchers. This task often requires traffic to be generated with some specied features : distribution of packet sizes, payload content, number of TCP or UDP ows... When targeting a data rate of many Gb/s, this cannot be done with commodity computers. Commercial traffic generators exist for this task, but they are expensive and do not t the precise needs of researchers. In this paper, we describe an open-source implementation of a traffic generator capable of lling a 10 Gb/s Ethernet link, with traffic features specied in software. The implementation works on a board including an FPGA and a 10 Gb/s network interface, like the Combo from INVEA-TECH or the NetFPGA 10G. These boards are a ordable for research and can provide a congurable and easily extensible traffic generator
NetFPGA: status, uses, developments, challenges, and evaluation
The constant growth of the Internet, driven by the demand for timely access to data center networks; has meant
that the technological platforms necessary to achieve this purpose are outside the current budgets. In this order to make and
validate relevant, timely and relevant contributions; it is necessary that a wider community, access to evaluation,
experimentation and demonstration environments with specifications that can be compared with existing networking
solutions. This article introduces the NetFPGA, which is a platform to develop network hardware for reconfigurable and
rapid prototyping. It’s introduces the application areas in high-performance networks, advantages for traffic analysis,
packet flow, hardware acceleration, power consumption and parallel processing in real time. Likewise, it presents the
advantages of the platform for research, education, innovation, and future trends of this platform. Finally, we present a
performance evaluation of the tool called OSNT (Open-Source Network Tester) and shows that OSNT has 95% accuracy
of timestamp with resolution of 10ns for the generation of TCP traffic, and 90% efficiency capturing packets at 10Gbps of
full line-rate
Generating of flood attacks
Obsahem teoretické části práce je rozbor záplavových útoků, jejich možností, používaných taktik a metod, a popis simulace vyrobené za tímto účelem. Prostředí takto vytvořené ukazuje chování sítě napadené zkoumaným typem útoku a demonstruje potenciální postup a prostředky útočníka. Navazující praktická část poté popisuje tvorbu záplavových dat dvěma převzatými hardwarovými řešeními a jedním softwarovým, představovaným vlastní C# aplikací. Srovnání těchto přístupů, vyhodnocení výsledků útoků a návrh obrany proti nim jsou rovněž uvedeny.The assessment comprises of two parts, describing theory and generating of flood attacks respectively. The first part covers flood attacks' analysis, deals with their available techniques and practices, known in the area, and a computer simulation program, revealing the behavior of a contested network as well as the attacker's procedure. In the following part, data generating solutions itself are described. These are represented by two hardware programs, adapted from existing solutions, and one C# application, created by the author. The comparison of these two approaches is included, as well as are the generation results and mitigation proposal.
Ono: an open platform for social robotics
In recent times, the focal point of research in robotics has shifted from industrial ro- bots toward robots that interact with humans in an intuitive and safe manner. This evolution has resulted in the subfield of social robotics, which pertains to robots that function in a human environment and that can communicate with humans in an int- uitive way, e.g. with facial expressions. Social robots have the potential to impact many different aspects of our lives, but one particularly promising application is the use of robots in therapy, such as the treatment of children with autism. Unfortunately, many of the existing social robots are neither suited for practical use in therapy nor for large scale studies, mainly because they are expensive, one-of-a-kind robots that are hard to modify to suit a specific need. We created Ono, a social robotics platform, to tackle these issues. Ono is composed entirely from off-the-shelf components and cheap materials, and can be built at a local FabLab at the fraction of the cost of other robots. Ono is also entirely open source and the modular design further encourages modification and reuse of parts of the platform
On the Exploration of FPGAs and High-Level Synthesis Capabilities on Multi-Gigabit-per-Second Networks
Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica y de las Comunicaciones. Fecha de lectura: 24-01-2020Traffic on computer networks has faced an exponential grown in recent years.
Both links and communication equipment had to adapt in order to provide
a minimum quality of service required for current needs. However, in recent
years, a few factors have prevented commercial off-the-shelf hardware from
being able to keep pace with this growth rate, consequently, some software tools are
struggling to fulfill their tasks, especially at speeds higher than 10 Gbit/s. For this reason,
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have arisen as an alternative to address the
most demanding tasks without the need to design an application specific integrated
circuit, this is in part to their flexibility and programmability in the field. Needless to say,
developing for FPGAs is well-known to be complex. Therefore, in this thesis we tackle
the use of FPGAs and High-Level Synthesis (HLS) languages in the context of computer
networks. We focus on the use of FPGA both in computer network monitoring application
and reliable data transmission at very high-speed. On the other hand, we intend to shed
light on the use of high level synthesis languages and boost FPGA applicability in the
context of computer networks so as to reduce development time and design complexity.
In the first part of the thesis, devoted to computer network monitoring. We take advantage
of the FPGA determinism in order to implement active monitoring probes, which
consist on sending a train of packets which is later used to obtain network parameters.
In this case, the determinism is key to reduce the uncertainty of the measurements.
The results of our experiments show that the FPGA implementations are much more
accurate and more precise than the software counterpart. At the same time, the FPGA
implementation is scalable in terms of network speed — 1, 10 and 100 Gbit/s. In the context of passive monitoring, we leverage the FPGA architecture to implement algorithms
able to thin cyphered traffic as well as removing duplicate packets. These two algorithms
straightforward in principle, but very useful to help traditional network analysis tools to
cope with their task at higher network speeds. On one hand, processing cyphered traffic
bring little benefits, on the other hand, processing duplicate traffic impacts negatively in
the performance of the software tools.
In the second part of the thesis, devoted to the TCP/IP stack. We explore the current
limitations of reliable data transmission using standard software at very high-speed.
Nowadays, the network is becoming an important bottleneck to fulfill current needs, in
particular in data centers. What is more, in recent years the deployment of 100 Gbit/s
network links has started. Consequently, there has been an increase scrutiny of how
networking functionality is deployed, furthermore, a wide range of approaches are
currently being explored to increase the efficiency of networks and tailor its functionality
to the actual needs of the application at hand. FPGAs arise as the perfect alternative to
deal with this problem. For this reason, in this thesis we develop Limago an FPGA-based
open-source implementation of a TCP/IP stack operating at 100 Gbit/s for Xilinx’s FPGAs.
Limago not only provides an unprecedented throughput, but also, provides a tiny latency
when compared to the software implementations, at least fifteen times. Limago is a key
contribution in some of the hottest topic at the moment, for instance, network-attached
FPGA and in-network data processing
Accelerating SPICE Model-Evaluation using FPGAs
Single-FPGA spatial implementations can provide
an order of magnitude speedup over sequential microprocessor
implementations for data-parallel, floating-point computation in
SPICE model-evaluation. Model-evaluation is a key component
of the SPICE circuit simulator and it is characterized by
large irregular floating-point compute graphs. We show how to
exploit the parallelism available in these graphs on single-FPGA
designs with a low-overhead VLIW-scheduled architecture. Our
architecture uses spatial floating-point operators coupled to local
high-bandwidth memories and interconnected by a time-shared
network. We retime operation inputs in the model-evaluation to
allow independent scheduling of computation and communication.
With this approach, we demonstrate speedups of 2–18×
over a dual-core 3GHz Intel Xeon 5160 when using a Xilinx
Virtex 5 LX330T for a variety of SPICE device models
Facilitating Flexible Link Layer Protocols for Future Wireless Communication Systems
This dissertation addresses the problem of designing link layer protocols
which are flexible enough to accommodate the demands offuture wireless
communication systems (FWCS).We show that entire link layer protocols with
diverse requirements and responsibilities can be composed out of
reconfigurable and reusable components.We demonstrate this by designing and
implementinga novel concept termed Flexible Link Layer (FLL)
architecture.Through extensive simulations and practical experiments, we
evaluate a prototype of the suggested architecture in both
fixed-spectrumand dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks.
FWCS are expected to overcome diverse challenges including the continual
growthin traffic volume and number of connected devices.Furthermore, they
are envisioned to support a widerange of new application requirements and
operating conditions.Technology trends, including smart homes,
communicating machines, and vehicularnetworks, will not only grow on a
scale that once was unimaginable, they will also become the predominant
communication paradigm, eventually surpassing today's human-produced
network traffic.
In order for this to become reality, today's systems have to evolve in many
ways.They have to exploit allocated resources in a more efficient and
energy-conscious manner.In addition to that, new methods for spectrum
access and resource sharingneed to be deployed.Having the diversification
of applications and network conditions in mind, flexibility at all layers
of a communication system is of paramount importance in order to meet the
desired goals.
However, traditional communication systems are often designed with specific
and distinct applications in mind. Therefore, system designers can tailor
communication systems according to fixedrequirements and operating
conditions, often resulting in highly optimized but inflexible
systems.Among the core problems of such design is the mix of data transfer
and management aspects.Such a combination of concerns clearly hinders the
reuse and extension of existing protocols.
To overcome this problem, the key idea explored in this dissertation is a
component-based design to facilitate the development of more flexible and
versatile link layer protocols.Specifically, the FLL architecture,
suggested in this dissertation, employs a generic, reconfigurable data
transfer protocol around which one or more complementary protocols, called
link layer applications, are responsible for management-related aspects of
the layer.
To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, we have designed
andimplemented a prototype of the FLL architecture on the basis ofa
reconfigurable software defined radio (SDR) testbed.Employing the SDR
prototype as well as computer simulations, thisdissertation describes
various experiments used to examine a range of link layerprotocols for both
fixed-spectrum and DSA networks.
This dissertation firstly outlines the challenges faced by FWCSand
describes DSA as a possible technology component for their construction.It
then specifies the requirements for future DSA systemsthat provide the
basis for our further considerations.We then review the background on link
layer protocols, surveyrelated work on the construction of flexible
protocol frameworks,and compare a range of actual link layer protocols and
algorithms.Based on the results of this analysis, we design, implement, and
evaluatethe FLL architecture and a selection of actual link layer
protocols.
We believe the findings of this dissertation add substantively to the
existing literature on link layer protocol design and are valuable for
theoreticians and experimentalists alike
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