Analisis Performansi Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) dan Fisheye State Routing (FSR) pada Jaringan Wireless Ad Hoc

ABSTRAKSI: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) merupakan jaringan wireless dari mobile node dimana node – node yang berada dalam jaringan tersebut tidak ada yang menjadi sebuah superior node. Manet memiliki pola topologi jaringan yang selalu berubah – ubah dengan cepat dan tidak dapat diprediksi. Kondisi jaringan yang seperti ini mengakibatkan perlunya suatu algoritma pengiriman paket data yang dapat beradaptasi dengan perubahan – perubahan topologi jaringan tersebut. Terdapat dua jenis utama algoritma routing pada Manet, yaitu Table-Driven (Pro-active) dan Reactive routing. TORA merupakan salah satu jenis dari Reactive routing dimana Temporally-Ordered Routing Algoritm (TORA) selalu melakukan pencarian jalur pada saat terdapat request pengiriman paket data. Sedangkan Fisheye State Routing (FSR) merupakan algoritma Pro-active yang akan melakukan update table routing secara berkala. Pengukuran performansi TORA dan FSR dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat efektifitas algortima routing ini diterapkan pada jaringan wireless ad hoc. Dengan adanya pengukuran ini diharapkan dapat menunjukan karakteristik jaringan yang cocok untuk penggunaan kedua algoritma ini. Pada tugas akhir ini akan dibangun simulasi TORA dan FSR sebagai alat bantu analisis yang bertujuan untuk menghasilan rekomendasi mengenai implementasi algoritma routing TORA dan FSR. Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa tingkat performansi kedua algoritma ini dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan pergerakan dan tingkat kepadatan node yang ada di dalam jaringan. Sedangkan untuk overhead dikedua algoritma ini menunjukan hasil yang berbeda. Overhead pada TORA masih dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan pergerakan node dan jumlah node dalam jaringan sementara overhead pada FSR hanya dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepadatan node dalam jaringan.Kata Kunci : Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs), wireless, superior node, topologi, table driven (pro-active), reactive, Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Fisheye State Routing (FSR), performansi, implementasi.ABSTRACT: Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs) is a wireless network of mobile nodes without a superior node in it. Manet has a pattern of network topology which always changing rapidly and unpredictable. Network conditions such as these lead to the need for a data packet transmission algorithm that can adapt to these changes. There are two main types of routing algorithms in Manet, Table-Driven (Pro-active) and reactive routing. TORA is type of reactive routing in which temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) which always does a search path when there are requests deliveries of data packets. While the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) is a pro-active algorithm that will do routing table updates periodically. TORA and FSR performance measurement can be used to determine the level of effectiveness of this routing algorithm is applied on an ad hoc wireless networks. This measurement is expected can show the network characteristics that are suitable for both of these algorithms before we use it. This final project will built FSR and TORA simulation as a tool of analysis that aims to produce the recommendations on the implementation of the TORA routing algorithm and FSR. Simulation results show that the performance level of both algorithms is influenced by movement speed and density of nodes in the network. Meanwhile the overhead in both of these algorithms show different results. Overhead in TORA is still influenced by the speed of movement of nodes and the number of nodes in the network while the overhead on the FSR is only affected by the density of nodes in the network.Keyword: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), wireless, superior nodes, topology, table driven (proactive), reactive, temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), fisheye State Routing (FSR), performance, implementation

An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks, including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement (Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc, wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa

Simulation-based Evaluation of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Fisheye State Routing, and Zone Routing Protocol

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less and decentralized network without any physical connections. Nodes are mobile, free to move, and independent of each other which makes routing a difficult task. Hence, a dynamic routing protocol is needed to make MANET reliable and function properly. Several routing protocols have been proposed with different working mechanisms and performance levels. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols is needed. This paper evaluates the performance of MANET routing protocols using simulation based experiments to observe the behavior of the network as the density of the nodes increases. The paper evaluates the performance of proactive (fisheye state routing), reactive (ad hoc on-demand distance vector), and hybrid (zone routing protocol) routing protocols in terms of the packet delivery fraction, average throughput, and average end-to-end delay. The simulations of protocols to analyze their performance in different conditions were performed using the network simulator 2 (NS 2)

Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Currently, MANETs are a very active area of research, due to their great potential to provide networking capabilities when it is not feasible to have a fixed infrastructure in place, or to provide a complement to the existing infrastructure. Routing in this kind of network is much more challenging than in conventional networks, due to its mobile nature and limited power and hardware resources. The most practical way to conduct routing studies of MANETs is by means of simulators such as GloMoSim. GloMoSim was utilized in this research to investigate various performance statistics and draw comparisons among different MANET routing protocols, namely AODV, LAR (augmenting DSR), FSR (also known as Fisheye), WRP, and Bellman-Ford (algorithm). The network application used was FTP, and the network traffic was generated with tcplib [Danzig91]. The performance statistics investigated were application bytes received, normalized application bytes received, routing control packets transmitted, and application byte delivery ratio. The scenarios tested consisted of an airborne application at a high (26.8 m/s) and a low speed (2.7 m/s) on a 2000 m x 2000 m domain for nodal values of 36, 49, 64, 81, and 100 nodes, and radio transmit power levels of 7.005, 8.589, and 10.527 dBm. Nodes were paired up in fixed client-server couples involving 10% and 25% of the nodes being V111 clients and the same quantity being servers. AODV and LAR showed a significant margin of performance advantage over the remaining protocols in the scenarios tested

Performance Analysis and Comparison of Multiple Routing Protocols in a Large-Area, High Speed Mobile Node Ad Hoc Network

The U.S. Air Force is interested in developing a standard ad hoc framework using heavy aircraft to route data across large regions. The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) has the potential to provide seamless large-scale routing for DOD under the Joint Tactical Radio System program. The goal of this study is to determine if there is a difference between routing protocol performance when operating in a large-area MANET with high-speed mobile nodes. This study analyzes MANET performance when using reactive, proactive, and hybrid routing protocols, specifically AODV, DYMO, Fisheye, and ZRP. This analysis compares the performance of the four routing protocols under the same MANET conditions. Average end-to-end delay, number of packets received, and throughput are the performance metrics used. Reactive protocol performance is better than hybrid and proactive protocol performance in each metric. Average ETE delays are lower using AODV (1.17 secs) and DYMO (2.14 secs) than ZRP (201.9 secs) or Fisheye (169.7 secs). Number of packets received is higher using AODV (531.6) and DYMO (670.2) than ZRP (267.3) or Fisheye (186.3). Throughput is higher using AODV (66,500 bps) and DYMO (87,577 bps) than ZRP (33,659 bps) or Fisheye (23,630bps). The benefits of ZRP and Fisheye are not able to be taken advantage of in the MANET configurations modeled in this research using a heavy aircraft ad hoc framework

A Survey On Hybrid Routing Protocols In MANETS

Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are arbitrarily located so that the interconnections between nodes are dynamically changing. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication wi thin the network. The main goal of such an ad hoc network routing protocol is to establish correct and efficient route between a pair of mobile nodes. Route should be discovered and maintained with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. There are number of routing protocols were proposed for ad hoc networks. T he objective of this paper is to create a taxonomy of the ad hoc hybrid routing protocols, and to survey and comp are each type of hybrid protocols. We try to show the requirements considered by the different hybrid protocols, the resource limitations under which they operate, and the design decisions made by the author