(1,1)-Cluster Editing is Polynomial-time Solvable

A graph $H$ is a clique graph if $H$ is a vertex-disjoin union of cliques. Abu-Khzam (2017) introduced the $(a,d)$-{Cluster Editing} problem, where for fixed natural numbers $a,d$, given a graph $G$ and vertex-weights $a^*:\ V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,\dots, a\}$and$d^*{}:\ V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,\dots, d\}$, we are to decide whether$G$can be turned into a cluster graph by deleting at most$d^*(v)$edges incident to every$v\in V(G)$and adding at most$a^*(v)$edges incident to every$v\in V(G)$. Results by Komusiewicz and Uhlmann (2012) and Abu-Khzam (2017) provided a dichotomy of complexity (in P or NP-complete) of$(a,d)$-{Cluster Editing} for all pairs$a,d$apart from$a=d=1.$Abu-Khzam (2017) conjectured that$(1,1)$-{Cluster Editing} is in P. We resolve Abu-Khzam's conjecture in affirmative by (i) providing a serious of five polynomial-time reductions to$C_3$-free and$C_4$-free graphs of maximum degree at most 3, and (ii) designing a polynomial-time algorithm for solving$(1,1)$-{Cluster Editing} on$C_3$-free and$C_4$-free graphs of maximum degree at most 3

Natural Sciences in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

A Special Issue of the international journal Sustainability under the section Sustainability of Culture & Heritage has been made, entitled Natural Sciences in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. The bridge between science/technology and the humanities (archaeology, anthropology, history of art, and cultural heritage) has formed a well-established interdisciplinary subject with several sub-disciplines; it is growing exponentially, spurred by the fast development of technology in other fields (space exploration, medical, military, and industrial applications). On the other hand, art and culture struggle to survive due to neglect, lack of funding, or the dangers of events such as natural disasters and war. This volume strengthens and exerts the documentation of the sustainability of the issue that arises from the outcome of resulting research and the application of such a duality link. The sustainable dimension emerges from society, education, and economics through the impact of cultural growth, all of which produce a balanced society, in which prosperity, harmony, and development are merged at a sustainable local/regional/national/social level. A wide range of subjects linking the applied natural sciences with archaeology and the cultural heritage of innovative research and applications are presented in this volume

Effect of curing conditions and harvesting stage of maturity on Ethiopian onion bulb drying properties

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of curing conditions and harvesting stageson the drying quality of onion bulbs. The onion bulbs (Bombay Red cultivar) were harvested at three harvesting stages (early, optimum, and late maturity) and cured at three different temperatures (30, 40 and 50 oC) and relative humidity (30, 50 and 70%). The results revealed that curing temperature, RH, and maturity stage had significant effects on all measuredattributesexcept total soluble solids

The Effect of Hydrology on Soil Erosion

This Special Issue includes manuscripts about soil erosion and degradation processes and the accelerated rates due to hydrological processes and climate change. The new research included in this issue focuses on measurements, modeling, and experiments in field or laboratory conditions developed at different scales (pedon, hillslope, and catchment). This Special Issue received investigations from different parts of the world such as Ethiopia, Morocco, China, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain, among others. We are happy to see that all papers presented findings characterized as unconventional, provocative, innovative, and methodologically new. We hope that the readers of the journal Water can enjoy and learn about hydrology and soil erosion using the published material, and share the results with the scientific community, policymakers, and stakeholders to continue this amazing adventure, facing plenty of issues and challenges

New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes

The devastating effects caused by the recent catastrophic earthquakes that took place all over the world from Japan, New Zealand, to Chile, as well as those occurring in the Mediterranean basin, have once again shown that ground motion, although a serious source of direct damage, is not the only parameter to be considered, with most damage being the result of coseismic geological effects that are directly connected to the earthquake source or caused by ground shaking. The primary environmental effects induced by earthquakes as well as the secondary effects (sensu Environmental Seismic Intensity - ESI 2007 scale) must be considered for a more correct and complete evaluation of seismic hazards, at both regional and local scales. This Special Issue aims to collect all contributions that, using different methodologies, integrate new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods. These methodologies are essential for the identification and characterization of seismically active areas, and for the development of new hazard models, obtained using different survey techniques. The topic attracted a lot of interest, 19 peer-reviewed articles were collected; moreover, different areas of the world have been analyzed through these methodologies: Italy, USA, Spain, Australia, Ecuador, Guatemala, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, China, Japan, and Nepal

Performance Assessment of Masonry School Buildings to Seismic and Flood Hazards Using Bayesian Networks

Performance assessment of schools is an integral part of disaster risk reduction of communities from natural hazards such as earthquakes and floods. In regions of high exposure, these hazards may often act concurrently, whereby yearly flood events weaken masonry school buildings, rendering them more vulnerable to frequent earthquake shaking. This recurring damage, combined with other functional losses, ultimately result in disruption to education delivery, affecting vulnerable schoolchildren. This project examines behaviour of school buildings to seismic and flood loading, and associated disruption to education from a structural and functional perspective. The study is based on a case study of school buildings in Guwahati, India, where the majority of the buildings can be classified into confined masonry (CM) typology. This project presents three stages of analyses to study the performance of these CM school buildings and the system of schools, as summarised in the following. The first stage of the study involves refinement of the World Bank’s Global Library of School Infrastructure taxonomy to widen its scope and to fit the CM school typology. This leads to the identification of index buildings, which are single-story buildings with flexible diaphragms differing mainly in the level of seismic design. In the second stage, a novel numerical modelling platform based on Applied Element Method is used to analyse the index buildings for simplified lateral loads from both the aforementioned hazards. Seismic loading is applied in the form of ground acceleration, while flood loading is applied as hydrostatic pressure. Sequential scenarios are simulated by subjecting the building to varying flood depths followed by lateral ground acceleration, after accounting for the material degradation due to past flooding. Analytical fragility curves are derived for each case of analysis to quantify their physical performance, using a non-linear static procedure (N2 method) and least square error regression. The third stage of the study employs a Bayesian network (BN) based methodology to model the education disruption at the school system level, from exposure of schools to flood and seismic hazards. The methodology integrates the qualitative and quantitative nature of system variables, such as the physical fragility of school buildings (derived in the second stage), accessibility loss, change of use as shelters and socio-economic condition of the users-community. The performance of the education system impacted by the sequential hazards is quantified through the probability of the various states of disruption duration. The BN also explores the effectiveness of non-structural mitigating measures, such as the transfer of students between schools in the system. The framework proves to be a useful tool to assist decision-making, with regard to disaster preparedness and recovery, hence, contributing to the development of resilient education systems

Vegetation Index and Dynamics

The book contemplates different ways of approaching the study of vegetation as well as the type of indices to be used. However, all the works pursue the same objective: to know and interpret nature from different points of view, either through knowledge of nature in situ or the use of technology and mapping using satellite images. Chapters analyze the ecological parameters that affect vegetation, the species that make up plant communities, and the influence of humans on vegetation

Faculty Publications and Creative Works 2005

Faculty Publications & Creative Works is an annual compendium of scholarly and creative activities of University of New Mexico faculty during the noted calendar year. Published by the Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, it serves to illustrate the robust and active intellectual pursuits conducted by the faculty in support of teaching and research at UNM. In 2005, UNM faculty produced over 1,887 works, including 1,887 scholarly papers and articles, 57 books, 127 book chapters, 58 reviews, 68 creative works and 4 patented works. We are proud of the accomplishments of our faculty which are in part reflected in this book, which illustrates the diversity of intellectual pursuits in support of research and education at the University of New Mexico