IS SIZE OR SSD RELATED TO ABUNDANCE IN CENTROBOLUS COOK, 1897?

Two species of Centrobolus were identified (C. anulatus, C. inscriptus) based on morphology and confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the gonopod structure. Two sets of linear measurements were made: (1) size, and (2) absolute abundance. Male and female sizes in two species were gaged. Male size and absolute abundance were positively related (r=0.63, Z score=1.66, n=8, p<0.05). Female size and absolute abundances were related (r=0.63046242, Z score=1.65957221, n=8, p=0.04850025). Male and female lengths were correlated with absolute abundances (r=-0.50192206, Z score=-1.98980348, n=16, p=0.02330622). Male length was related to abundance (r=-0.63046242, Z score=-1.65957221, n=8, p=0.04850025). Female length was related to abundance (r=-0.63046242, Z score=-1.65957221, n=8, p=0.04850025). Male and female widths were correlated with absolute abundances (r=0.443547, Z score=1.71854248, n=16, p=0.04284882). Male width was related to abundance (r=0.63046242, Z score=1.65957221, n=8, p=0.04850025). Female width was related to abundance (r=0.63046242, Z score=1.65957221, n=8, p=0.04850025). Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) was related to abundance (r=0.63, Z score=1.66, n=8, p<0.05)

SIZE ACROSS WEATHER GRADIENTS IN PILL MILLIPEDES (DIPLOPODA): II. FEMALE VOLUME AND LOWEST NUMBER OF DAILY HOURS OF SUNSHINE (AVERAGE)

See part I at http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/125667Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) was investigated across weather gradients in southern African members of the pill millipede genus Sphaerotherium. Body width was extracted from published material (1928) and used to compare interspecific variation in mean calculated volumes using a morphometric approach. Based on the formula for a sphere (4/3. π. r3), volume was calculated in seven given species. One relationship between female volume and the lowest number of daily hours of sunshine (r=-0.63, Z score=-1.49, n=7, p=0.07) was established

SIZE ACROSS WEATHER GRADIENTS IN PILL MILLIPEDES (DIPLOPODA): I. FEMALE VOLUME AND PRECIPITATION

See part II at http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/125666- Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) was investigated across weather gradients in southern African members of the pill millipede genus Sphaerotherium. Body width was extracted from published material (1928) and used to compare interspecific variation in mean calculated volumes using a morphometric approach. Based on the formula for a sphere (4/3. π. r3), volume was calculated in seven given species. A positive relationship between female volume and precipitation (r = 0.70, Z score = 1.75, n = 7, p = 0.04) was established

IS A PROMINENT STERNITE RELATED TO SEX RATIOS AND ABUNDANCE IN CENTROBOLUS COOK, 1897?

Two species of Centrobolus were identified (C. anulatus, C. inscriptus) based on morphology and confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the gonopod structure. Two sets of linear measurements were made from the SEM micrographs: (1) prominence of the stemite, and (2) colepood spine length; with (3) spine number. Sex ratios in two species were gaged. Sternite prominence and sex ratios were negatively related (r=-0.46, Z score=-1.80, n=16, p=0.04). Spine length and spine number and sex ratios were not related. C. inscriptus had the highest sternite prominence (0.5 or 50%) with low sex ratios, and C. anulatus had the lower sternite prominence (0.30 or 30%) with high sex ratios. Sterqnite prominence and spine length and absolute abundances were positively related (r=0.63, Z score=1.66, n=8, p<0.05). Spine number and absolute abundance were negatively related (r=-0.63, Z score=-1.66, n=8, p<0.05)

Sex ratio varies with precipitation in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897

CITATION: Cooper, M., 2022. Sex ratio varies with precipitation in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development 9(6):5 PagesThe original publication is available at: ijesird.comIn this paper, I check for correlations between the sex ratio for males and females and precipitation in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. I found correlations between sex ratio and precipitation (r=-0.68, Z score=-1.87, n=8, p=0.03) (y = -8.79x + 114). Differences of +4mm precipitation contributed to differences in the sex ratio. The increase in the magnitude of this factor resulted in a female-biased sex ratio.Publisher’s versio

Sex ratio varies with humidity in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897

CITATION: Cooper, M., 2022. Sex ratio varies with humidity in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development 9(6): 5 Pages.The original publication is available at: ijesird.comIn this paper, I check for correlations between the sex ratio for males and females and humidity in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. I found correlations between sex ratio and humidity (r=-0.68, Z score=-1.87, n=8, p=0.03) (y = -2.93x + 77.1). Differences of +1% humidity contributed to differences in the sex ratio. The increase in the magnitude of this factor resulted in a female-biased sex ratio.Publisher’s versio

Sex ratio varies with average sun hours in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897

CITATION: Cooper, M., 2022. Sex ratio varies with average sun hours in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development 9(6):5 PagesThe original publication is available at: ijesird.comIn this paper, I check for correlations between the sex ratio for males and females and average Sun hours in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. I found correlations between sex ratio and average Sun hours (r=-0.68, Z score=-1.87, n=8, p=0.03) (y = -1.17x + 8.82). Differences of +0.4 hours of sunshine contributed to differences in the sex ratio. The increase in the magnitude of this factor resulted in a female-biased sex ratio.Publisher’s versio

Sex ratio varies with rainy days in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897

CITATION: Cooper, M., 2022. Sex ratio varies with rainy days in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development 9(6):5 PagesThe original publication is available at: ijesird.comIn this paper, I check for correlations between the sex ratio for males and females and rainy days in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. I found correlations between sex ratio and rainy days (r=0.68, Z score=1.87, n=8, p=0.03) (y = 2.93x + 8.95). Differences of -1 rainy day contributed to differences in the sex ratio. With the addition of a rainy day, the sex ratio became more male-biased.Publisher’s versio

Sex ratio varies with minimum temperature in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897

CITATION: COOPER, M., 2022. Sex ratio varies with minimum temperature in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development 9(6):5 PagesThe original publication is available at: ijesird.comIn this paper, I check for correlations between the sex ratio for males and females and minimum temperature in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. I found correlations between sex ratio and minimum temperature (r=-0.68, Z score=-1.87, n=8, p=0.03) (y = -3.52x + 23.4). Differences of +1.2°C in minimum temperature contributed to differences in the sex ratio. The increase in the magnitude of any of this factor resulted in a female-biased sex ratio.Publisher’s versio

Sex ratio varies with maximum temperature in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897

CITATION: Cooper, M., 2022. Sex ratio varies with maximum temperature in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development 9(6):5 PagesThe original publication is available at: ijesird.comIn this paper, I check for correlations between the sex ratio for males and females and maximum temperature in red millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897. I found correlations between sex ratio and maximum temperature r=-0.68, Z score=-1.85, n=8, p=0.03)(y = -2.77x + 29.1). Differences of +0.9°C in maximum temperature contributed to differences in the sex ratio. The increase in the magnitude of this factor resulted in a femalebiased sex ratio.Publisher’s versio