10,901 research outputs found
Large-Alphabet Time-Frequency Entangled Quantum Key Distribution by means of Time-to-Frequency Conversion
We introduce a novel time-frequency quantum key distribution (TFQKD) scheme
based on photon pairs entangled in these two conjugate degrees of freedom. The
scheme uses spectral detection and phase modulation to enable measurements in
the temporal basis by means of time-to-frequency conversion. This allows
large-alphabet encoding to be implemented with realistic components. A general
security analysis for TFQKD with binned measurements reveals a close connection
with finite-dimensional QKD protocols and enables analysis of the effects of
dark counts on the secure key size.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, submitte
Area laws for the entanglement entropy - a review
Physical interactions in quantum many-body systems are typically local:
Individual constituents interact mainly with their few nearest neighbors. This
locality of interactions is inherited by a decay of correlation functions, but
also reflected by scaling laws of a quite profound quantity: The entanglement
entropy of ground states. This entropy of the reduced state of a subregion
often merely grows like the boundary area of the subregion, and not like its
volume, in sharp contrast with an expected extensive behavior. Such "area laws"
for the entanglement entropy and related quantities have received considerable
attention in recent years. They emerge in several seemingly unrelated fields,
in the context of black hole physics, quantum information science, and quantum
many-body physics where they have important implications on the numerical
simulation of lattice models. In this Colloquium we review the current status
of area laws in these fields. Center stage is taken by rigorous results on
lattice models in one and higher spatial dimensions. The differences and
similarities between bosonic and fermionic models are stressed, area laws are
related to the velocity of information propagation, and disordered systems,
non-equilibrium situations, classical correlation concepts, and topological
entanglement entropies are discussed. A significant proportion of the article
is devoted to the quantitative connection between the entanglement content of
states and the possibility of their efficient numerical simulation. We discuss
matrix-product states, higher-dimensional analogues, and states from
entanglement renormalization and conclude by highlighting the implications of
area laws on quantifying the effective degrees of freedom that need to be
considered in simulations.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures, final versio
Shaping frequency entangled qudits
Quantum entanglement between qudits - the d-dimensional version of qubits -
is relevant for advanced quantum information processing and provides deeper
insights in the nature of quantum correlations. Encoding qudits in the
frequency modes of photon pairs produced by continuous parametric
down-conversion enables access to high-dimensional states. By shaping the
energy spectrum of entangled photons, we demonstrate the creation,
characterization and manipulation of entangled qudits with dimension up to 4.
Their respective density matrices are reconstructed by quantum state
tomography. For qubits and qutrits we additionally measured the dependency of a
d-dimensional Bell parameter for various degrees of entanglement. Our
experiment demonstrates the ability to investigate the physics of
high-dimensional frequency entangled quit states which are of great
importance for quantum information science.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
Entanglement in Many-Body Systems
The recent interest in aspects common to quantum information and condensed
matter has prompted a prosperous activity at the border of these disciplines
that were far distant until few years ago. Numerous interesting questions have
been addressed so far. Here we review an important part of this field, the
properties of the entanglement in many-body systems. We discuss the zero and
finite temperature properties of entanglement in interacting spin, fermionic
and bosonic model systems. Both bipartite and multipartite entanglement will be
considered. At equilibrium we emphasize on how entanglement is connected to the
phase diagram of the underlying model. The behavior of entanglement can be
related, via certain witnesses, to thermodynamic quantities thus offering
interesting possibilities for an experimental test. Out of equilibrium we
discuss how to generate and manipulate entangled states by means of many-body
Hamiltonians.Comment: 61 pages, 29 figure
Many-body localization dynamics from gauge invariance
We show how lattice gauge theories can display many-body localization
dynamics in the absence of disorder. Our starting point is the observation
that, for some generic translationally invariant states, Gauss law effectively
induces a dynamics which can be described as a disorder average over gauge
super-selection sectors. We carry out extensive exact simulations on the
real-time dynamics of a lattice Schwinger model, describing the coupling
between U(1) gauge fields and staggered fermions. Our results show how memory
effects and slow entanglement growth are present in a broad regime of
parameters - in particular, for sufficiently large interactions. These findings
are immediately relevant to cold atoms and trapped ions experiments realizing
dynamical gauge fields, and suggest a new and universal link between
confinement and entanglement dynamics in the many-body localized phase of
lattice models.Comment: 5Pages + appendices; V2: updated discussion in page 2, more numerical
results, added reference
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