1,256,578 research outputs found
Connection Strategies in Associative Memory Models
“The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com”. Copyright Springer.The problem we address in this paper is that of finding effective and parsimonious patterns of connectivity in sparse associative memories. This problem must be addressed in real neuronal systems, so results in artificial systems could throw light on real systems. We show that there are efficient patterns of connectivity and that these patterns are effective in models with either spiking or non-spiking neurons. This suggests that there may be some underlying general principles governing good connectivity in such networks.Peer reviewe
Detecting Blackholes and Volcanoes in Directed Networks
In this paper, we formulate a novel problem for finding blackhole and volcano
patterns in a large directed graph. Specifically, a blackhole pattern is a
group which is made of a set of nodes in a way such that there are only inlinks
to this group from the rest nodes in the graph. In contrast, a volcano pattern
is a group which only has outlinks to the rest nodes in the graph. Both
patterns can be observed in real world. For instance, in a trading network, a
blackhole pattern may represent a group of traders who are manipulating the
market. In the paper, we first prove that the blackhole mining problem is a
dual problem of finding volcanoes. Therefore, we focus on finding the blackhole
patterns. Along this line, we design two pruning schemes to guide the blackhole
finding process. In the first pruning scheme, we strategically prune the search
space based on a set of pattern-size-independent pruning rules and develop an
iBlackhole algorithm. The second pruning scheme follows a divide-and-conquer
strategy to further exploit the pruning results from the first pruning scheme.
Indeed, a target directed graphs can be divided into several disconnected
subgraphs by the first pruning scheme, and thus the blackhole finding can be
conducted in each disconnected subgraph rather than in a large graph. Based on
these two pruning schemes, we also develop an iBlackhole-DC algorithm. Finally,
experimental results on real-world data show that the iBlackhole-DC algorithm
can be several orders of magnitude faster than the iBlackhole algorithm, which
has a huge computational advantage over a brute-force method.Comment: 18 page
Probabilistic Archetypal Analysis
Archetypal analysis represents a set of observations as convex combinations
of pure patterns, or archetypes. The original geometric formulation of finding
archetypes by approximating the convex hull of the observations assumes them to
be real valued. This, unfortunately, is not compatible with many practical
situations. In this paper we revisit archetypal analysis from the basic
principles, and propose a probabilistic framework that accommodates other
observation types such as integers, binary, and probability vectors. We
corroborate the proposed methodology with convincing real-world applications on
finding archetypal winter tourists based on binary survey data, archetypal
disaster-affected countries based on disaster count data, and document
archetypes based on term-frequency data. We also present an appropriate
visualization tool to summarize archetypal analysis solution better.Comment: 24 pages; added literature review and visualizatio
An Efficient Algorithm for Frequent Pattern Mining for Real-Time Business Intelligence Analytics in Dense Datasets
Finding frequent patterns from databases has been the most time consuming process in data mining tasks, like association rule mining. Frequent pattern mining in real-time is of increasing thrust in many business applications such as e-commerce, recommender systems, and supply-chain management and group decision support systems, to name a few. A plethora of efficient algorithms have been proposed till date, among which, vertical mining algorithms have been found to be very effective, usually outperforming the horizontal ones. However, with dense datasets, the performances of these algorithms significantly degrade. Moreover, these algorithms are not suited to respond to the real-time need. In this paper, we describe BDFS(b)-diff-sets, an algorithm to perform real-time frequent pattern mining using diff-sets and limited computing resources. Empirical evaluations show that our algorithm can make a fair estimation of the probable frequent patterns and reaches some of the longest frequent patterns much faster than the existing algorithms.
Spaceprint: a Mobility-based Fingerprinting Scheme for Public Spaces
In this paper, we address the problem of how automated situation-awareness
can be achieved by learning real-world situations from ubiquitously generated
mobility data. Without semantic input about the time and space where situations
take place, this turns out to be a fundamental challenging problem.
Uncertainties also introduce technical challenges when data is generated in
irregular time intervals, being mixed with noise, and errors. Purely relying on
temporal patterns observable in mobility data, in this paper, we propose
Spaceprint, a fully automated algorithm for finding the repetitive pattern of
similar situations in spaces. We evaluate this technique by showing how the
latent variables describing the category, and the actual identity of a space
can be discovered from the extracted situation patterns. Doing so, we use
different real-world mobility datasets with data about the presence of mobile
entities in a variety of spaces. We also evaluate the performance of this
technique by showing its robustness against uncertainties
Noise bridges dynamical correlation and topology in coupled oscillator networks
We study the relationship between dynamical properties and interaction
patterns in complex oscillator networks in the presence of noise. A striking
finding is that noise leads to a general, one-to-one correspondence between the
dynamical correlation and the connections among oscillators for a variety of
node dynamics and network structures. The universal finding enables an accurate
prediction of the full network topology based solely on measuring the dynamical
correlation. The power of the method for network inference is demonstrated by
the high success rate in identifying links for distinct dynamics on both model
and real-life networks. The method can have potential applications in various
fields due to its generality, high accuracy and efficiency.Comment: 2 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by Physical Review Letter
Productivity and the Euro-Dollar Exchange Rate Puzzle
This paper documents the evidence for a productivity based model of the dollar/euro real exchange rate over the 1985-2001 period. We estimate cointegrating relationships between the real exchange rate, productivity, and the real price of oil using the Johansen (1988) and Stock-Watson (1993) procedures. We find that each percentage point in the US-Euro area productivity differential results in a five percentage point real appreciation of the dollar. This finding is robust to the estimation methodology, the variables included in the regression, and the sample period. We conjecture that productivity-based models cannot explain the observed patterns with the standard set of assumptions, and describe a case in which the model can be reconciled with the observed data.
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