2,790 research outputs found
Kinetic distance and kinetic maps from molecular dynamics simulation
Characterizing macromolecular kinetics from molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations requires a distance metric that can distinguish
slowly-interconverting states. Here we build upon diffusion map theory and
define a kinetic distance for irreducible Markov processes that quantifies how
slowly molecular conformations interconvert. The kinetic distance can be
computed given a model that approximates the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
(reaction coordinates) of the MD Markov operator. Here we employ the
time-lagged independent component analysis (TICA). The TICA components can be
scaled to provide a kinetic map in which the Euclidean distance corresponds to
the kinetic distance. As a result, the question of how many TICA dimensions
should be kept in a dimensionality reduction approach becomes obsolete, and one
parameter less needs to be specified in the kinetic model construction. We
demonstrate the approach using TICA and Markov state model (MSM) analyses for
illustrative models, protein conformation dynamics in bovine pancreatic trypsin
inhibitor and protein-inhibitor association in trypsin and benzamidine
Inequality amongst the wealthiest and its link with economic growth
In this paper we correlate the key features of the distribution of wealth of the 500 wealthiest individuals in the Netherlands with economic growth and stock market returns for 1998 to 2009. We show that each year the distribution obeys a power law and that the key parameter measures the degree of inequality. Our main finding is that more inequality amongst the wealthiest is associated with higher economic growth.economic growth;power law;wealth distribution
Inequality amongst the wealthiest and its link with economic growth
In this paper we correlate the key features of the distribution of wealth of the 500 wealthiest individuals in the Netherlands with economic growth and stock market returns for 1998 to 2009. We show that each year the distribution obeys a power law and that the key parameter measures the degree of inequality. Our main finding is that more inequality amongst the wealthiest is associated with higher economic growth
Scale free chaos in the confined Vicsek flocking model
The Vicsek model encompasses the paradigm of active dry matter. Motivated by
collective behavior of insects in swarms, we have studied finite size effects
and criticality in the three dimensional, harmonically confined Vicsek model.
We have discovered a phase transition that exists for appropriate noise and
small confinement strength. On the critical line of confinement versus noise,
swarms are in a state of scale-free chaos characterized by minimal correlation
time, correlation length proportional to swarm size and topological data
analysis. The critical line separates dispersed single clusters from confined
multicluster swarms. Scale-free chaotic swarms occupy a compact region of space
and comprise a recognizable `condensed' nucleus and particles leaving and
entering it. Susceptibility, correlation length, dynamic correlation function
and largest Lyapunov exponent obey power laws. The critical line and a narrow
criticality region close to it move simultaneously to zero confinement strength
for infinitely many particles. At the end of the first chaotic window of
confinement, there is another phase transition to infinitely dense clusters of
finite size that may be termed flocking black holes.Comment: 24 pages, 26 figures, revte
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