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    Examples of works to practice staccato technique in clarinet instrument

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    Klarnetin staccato tekniğini güçlendirme aşamaları eser çalışmalarıyla uygulanmıştır. Staccato geçişlerini hızlandıracak ritim ve nüans çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli amacı sadece staccato çalışması değil parmak-dilin eş zamanlı uyumunun hassasiyeti üzerinde de durulmasıdır. Staccato çalışmalarını daha verimli hale getirmek için eser çalışmasının içinde etüt çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaların üzerinde titizlikle durulması staccato çalışmasının ilham verici etkisi ile müzikal kimliğe yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Sekiz özgün eser çalışmasının her aşaması anlatılmıştır. Her aşamanın bir sonraki performans ve tekniği güçlendirmesi esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada staccato tekniğinin hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı, nasıl sonuçlar elde edildiği bilgisine yer verilmiştir. Notaların parmak ve dil uyumu ile nasıl şekilleneceği ve nasıl bir çalışma disiplini içinde gerçekleşeceği planlanmıştır. Kamış-nota-diyafram-parmak-dil-nüans ve disiplin kavramlarının staccato tekniğinde ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada literatür taraması yapılarak staccato ile ilgili çalışmalar taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda klarnet tekniğin de kullanılan staccato eser çalışmasının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Metot taramasında da etüt çalışmasının daha çok olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylelikle klarnetin staccato tekniğini hızlandırma ve güçlendirme çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Staccato etüt çalışmaları yapılırken, araya eser çalışmasının girmesi beyni rahatlattığı ve istekliliği daha arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Staccato çalışmasını yaparken doğru bir kamış seçimi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Staccato tekniğini doğru çalışmak için doğru bir kamışın dil hızını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Doğru bir kamış seçimi kamıştan rahat ses çıkmasına bağlıdır. Kamış, dil atma gücünü vermiyorsa daha doğru bir kamış seçiminin yapılması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Staccato çalışmalarında baştan sona bir eseri yorumlamak zor olabilir. Bu açıdan çalışma, verilen müzikal nüanslara uymanın, dil atış performansını rahatlattığını ortaya koymuştur. Gelecek nesillere edinilen bilgi ve birikimlerin aktarılması ve geliştirici olması teşvik edilmiştir. Çıkacak eserlerin nasıl çözüleceği, staccato tekniğinin nasıl üstesinden gelinebileceği anlatılmıştır. Staccato tekniğinin daha kısa sürede çözüme kavuşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Parmakların yerlerini öğrettiğimiz kadar belleğimize de çalışmaların kaydedilmesi önemlidir. Gösterilen azmin ve sabrın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yapıt başarıyı daha da yukarı seviyelere çıkaracaktır

    The place where curses are manufactured : four poets of the Vietnam War

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    The Vietnam War was unique among American wars. To pinpoint its uniqueness, it was necessary to look for a non-American voice that would enable me to articulate its distinctiveness and explore the American character as observed by an Asian. Takeshi Kaiko proved to be most helpful. From his novel, Into a Black Sun, I was able to establish a working pair of 'bookends' from which to approach the poetry of Walter McDonald, Bruce Weigl, Basil T. Paquet and Steve Mason. Chapter One is devoted to those seemingly mismatched 'bookends,' Walt Whitman and General William C. Westmoreland, and their respective anthropocentric and technocentric visions of progress and the peculiarly American concept of the "open road" as they manifest themselves in Vietnam. In Chapter, Two, I analyze the war poems of Walter McDonald. As a pilot, writing primarily about flying, his poetry manifests General Westmoreland's technocentric vision of the 'road' as determined by and manifest through technology. Chapter Three focuses on the poems of Bruce Weigl. The poems analyzed portray the literal and metaphorical descent from the technocentric, 'numbed' distance of aerial warfare to the world of ground warfare, and the initiation of a 'fucking new guy,' who discovers the contours of the self's interior through a set of experiences that lead from from aerial insertion into the jungle to the degradation of burning human feces. Chapter Four, devoted to the thirteen poems of Basil T. Paquet, focuses on the continuation of the descent begun in Chapter Two. In his capacity as a medic, Paquet's entire body of poems details his quotidian tasks which entail tending the maimed, the mortally wounded and the dead. The final chapter deals with Steve Mason's JohnnY's Song, and his depiction of the plight of Vietnam veterans back in "The World" who are still trapped inside the interior landscape of their individual "ghettoes" of the soul created by their war-time experiences

    Modeling Uncertainty for Reliable Probabilistic Modeling in Deep Learning and Beyond

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    [ES] Esta tesis se enmarca en la intersección entre las técnicas modernas de Machine Learning, como las Redes Neuronales Profundas, y el modelado probabilístico confiable. En muchas aplicaciones, no solo nos importa la predicción hecha por un modelo (por ejemplo esta imagen de pulmón presenta cáncer) sino también la confianza que tiene el modelo para hacer esta predicción (por ejemplo esta imagen de pulmón presenta cáncer con 67% probabilidad). En tales aplicaciones, el modelo ayuda al tomador de decisiones (en este caso un médico) a tomar la decisión final. Como consecuencia, es necesario que las probabilidades proporcionadas por un modelo reflejen las proporciones reales presentes en el conjunto al que se ha asignado dichas probabilidades; de lo contrario, el modelo es inútil en la práctica. Cuando esto sucede, decimos que un modelo está perfectamente calibrado. En esta tesis se exploran tres vias para proveer modelos más calibrados. Primero se muestra como calibrar modelos de manera implicita, que son descalibrados por técnicas de aumentación de datos. Se introduce una función de coste que resuelve esta descalibración tomando como partida las ideas derivadas de la toma de decisiones con la regla de Bayes. Segundo, se muestra como calibrar modelos utilizando una etapa de post calibración implementada con una red neuronal Bayesiana. Finalmente, y en base a las limitaciones estudiadas en la red neuronal Bayesiana, que hipotetizamos que se basan en un prior mispecificado, se introduce un nuevo proceso estocástico que sirve como distribución a priori en un problema de inferencia Bayesiana.[CA] Aquesta tesi s'emmarca en la intersecció entre les tècniques modernes de Machine Learning, com ara les Xarxes Neuronals Profundes, i el modelatge probabilístic fiable. En moltes aplicacions, no només ens importa la predicció feta per un model (per ejemplem aquesta imatge de pulmó presenta càncer) sinó també la confiança que té el model per fer aquesta predicció (per exemple aquesta imatge de pulmó presenta càncer amb 67% probabilitat). En aquestes aplicacions, el model ajuda el prenedor de decisions (en aquest cas un metge) a prendre la decisió final. Com a conseqüència, cal que les probabilitats proporcionades per un model reflecteixin les proporcions reals presents en el conjunt a què s'han assignat aquestes probabilitats; altrament, el model és inútil a la pràctica. Quan això passa, diem que un model està perfectament calibrat. En aquesta tesi s'exploren tres vies per proveir models més calibrats. Primer es mostra com calibrar models de manera implícita, que són descalibrats per tècniques d'augmentació de dades. S'introdueix una funció de cost que resol aquesta descalibració prenent com a partida les idees derivades de la presa de decisions amb la regla de Bayes. Segon, es mostra com calibrar models utilitzant una etapa de post calibratge implementada amb una xarxa neuronal Bayesiana. Finalment, i segons les limitacions estudiades a la xarxa neuronal Bayesiana, que es basen en un prior mispecificat, s'introdueix un nou procés estocàstic que serveix com a distribució a priori en un problema d'inferència Bayesiana.[EN] This thesis is framed at the intersection between modern Machine Learning techniques, such as Deep Neural Networks, and reliable probabilistic modeling. In many machine learning applications, we do not only care about the prediction made by a model (e.g. this lung image presents cancer) but also in how confident is the model in making this prediction (e.g. this lung image presents cancer with 67% probability). In such applications, the model assists the decision-maker (in this case a doctor) towards making the final decision. As a consequence, one needs that the probabilities provided by a model reflects the true underlying set of outcomes, otherwise the model is useless in practice. When this happens, we say that a model is perfectly calibrated. In this thesis three ways are explored to provide more calibrated models. First, it is shown how to calibrate models implicitly, which are decalibrated by data augmentation techniques. A cost function is introduced that solves this decalibration taking as a starting point the ideas derived from decision making with Bayes' rule. Second, it shows how to calibrate models using a post-calibration stage implemented with a Bayesian neural network. Finally, and based on the limitations studied in the Bayesian neural network, which we hypothesize that came from a mispecified prior, a new stochastic process is introduced that serves as a priori distribution in a Bayesian inference problem.Maroñas Molano, J. (2022). Modeling Uncertainty for Reliable Probabilistic Modeling in Deep Learning and Beyond [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181582TESI

    Coverage measurements of NB-IoT technology

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    Abstract. The narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) is a cellular radio access technology that provides seamless connectivity to wireless IoT devices with low latency, low power consumption, and long-range coverage. For long-range coverage, NB-IoT offers a coverage enhancement (CE) mechanism that is achieved by repeating the transmission of signals. Good network coverage is essential to reduce the battery usage and power consumption of IoT devices, while poor network coverage increases the number of repetitions in transmission, which causes high power consumption of IoT devices. The primary objective of this work is to determine the network coverage of NB-IoT technology under the University of Oulu’s 5G test network (5GTN) base station. In this thesis work, measurement results on key performance indicators such as reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and signal to noise plus interference (SINR) have been reported. The goal of the measurement is to find out the NB-IoT signal strength at different locations, which are served by the 5GTN cells configured with different parameters, e.g., Tx power levels, antenna tilt angles. The signal strength of NB-IoT technology has been measured at different places under the 5GTN base station in Oulu, Finland. Drive tests have been conducted to measure the signal strength of NB-IoT technology by using the Quectel BG96 module, Qualcomm kDC-5737 dongle and Keysight Nemo Outdoor software. The results have shown the values of RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, and SINR at different locations within several kilometres of the 5GTN base stations. These values indicate the performance of the network and are used to assess the performance of network services to the end-users. In this work, the overall performance of the network has been checked to verify if network performance meets good signal levels and good network coverage. Relevant details of the NB-IoT technology, the theory behind the signal coverage and comparisons with the measurement results have also been discussed to check the relevance of the measurement results

    Epistemologies of possibility: social movements, knowledge production and political transformation

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    Urgent global problems - whether military conflicts, economic insecurities, immigration controls or mass incarceration-not only call for new modes of political action but also demand new forms of knowledge. For if knowledge frameworks both shape the horizons of social intelligibility and chart t he realms of political possibility, then epistemological interventions constitute a crucial part of social change. Social movements play a key role in this work by engaging in dissident knowledge practices that open up space for political transformation. But what are the processes and conditions through which social movements generate new ways of knowing?'What is politically at stake in the various knowledge strategies that activists use to generate social change? Despite a growing literature on the role of epistemological dimensions of protest, social movement studies tend to neglect specific questions of epistemological change. Often treating knowledge as a resource or object rather than a power relation and a social practice, social movement scholars tend to focus on content rather than production, frames rather than practices, taxonomies rather than processes. Missing is a more dynamic account of the conditions, means and power relations through which transformative knowledge practices come to be constituted and deployed. Seeking to better understand processes of epistemological transformation, this thesis explores the relationship between social movements, knowledge production and political change. Starting from an assumption that knowledge not only represents the world, but also works to constitute it, this thesis examines the role of social movement knowledge practices in shaping the conditions of political possibility. Drawing from the context of grassroots queer, transgender and feminist organizing around issues of prisons and border controls in North America, the project explores how activists generate new forms of knowledge and forge new spaces of political possibility. Working through a series of concepts-transformation, resistance, experience, co-optation, solidarity and analogy - this thesis explores different ways of understanding processes of epistemological change with in social movement contexts. It considers processes that facilitate or enable epistemological change and those that limit or prohibit such change. Bringing together a range of theoretical perspectives, including feminist, queer, critical race and post-structuralist analyses, and drawing on interviews with grassroots activists, the thesis explores what is politically at stake in the different ways we conceptualise, imagine and engage in processes of epistemological change

    Study of the Degradation of New Lubricant Oil Formulations with the Design and Demands of Current and Future Engines

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    [ES] El análisis de los aceites lubricantes de motor, englobado dentro de las tareas realizadas en el Oil Condition Monitoring (OCM), resulta ser una herramienta poderosa con la cual se es capaz de extraer información de utilidad. Por este motivo, en esta Tesis se decidió explotar este campo realizando un estudio en profundidad centrado en tres aspectos: mejorar las técnicas y protocolos ya existentes, desarrollar procedimientos propios acorde con las necesidades y requisitos del momento y, para terminar, poner en valor la información obtenida del análisis de los lubricantes mediante el uso de tratamientos estadísticos y quimiométricos. Bajo estas tres premisas, se ha desarrollado toda la tarea de investigación de esta Tesis. En primer lugar, en relación con el análisis de los aceites lubricantes, se realizó un estudio acerca de la degradación de cuatro formulaciones de aceites lubricantes. En este estudio se analizaron aspectos propios de los aceites como: su viscosidad cinemática, oxidación, nitración, caída de los aditivos antioxidantes, etc. así como parámetros de desgaste de motor (monitorizando la presencia de metales). Como resultado de este estudio fue posible encontrar limitaciones en las técnicas actuales, lo cual condujo a realizar mejoras y/o adaptaciones de estas técnicas para conseguir obtener la información deseada. El siguiente aspecto tratado en esta Tesis es una consecuencia de la necesidad de, en ciertas situaciones, disponer de información acerca de uno o varios parámetros de una determinada forma y con un grado de precisión elevado. El caso en cuestión analizado en la Tesis está relacionado con la cuantificación de hollín en el aceite lubricante. Respecto a la cuantificación del hollín se requirió encontrar una técnica que fuera capaz de aportar información de una forma rápida y, además, poder detectar pequeños cambios. Esta técnica fue la espectroscopia Ultravioleta-Visible, con la cual se diseñó un protocolo analítico que permitiera trabajar con muestras de aceites lubricante con muy poco uso y, por ende, poca cantidad de hollín disuelta, consiguiendo resultados muy satisfactorios en periodos de tiempo cortos. Por último, debido a la disponibilidad de una cantidad de datos considerable fruto del trabajo realizado durante todo el tiempo de duración de la Tesis, se decidió emplear toda ella para conseguir extraer la máxima información posible gracias al uso de tratamientos estadísticos y quimiométricos. Este trabajo, nuevo en la línea, se dividió en dos vertientes: la primera focalizada en el conjunto de datos de los aceites ya caracterizados (procedentes del estudio de la degradación de los aceites) y la otra parte en encontrar sinergias entre las técnicas espectroscópicas (FT-IR y NIR) y los ensayos de caracterización de los lubricantes. Como resultado de ello, se obtuvieron relaciones entre parámetros que anteriormente no se tenían presentes, así como modelos predictivos de propiedades de los lubricantes a partir del análisis de sus espectros. El presente documento de Tesis se encuentra redactado en dos idiomas: en español y en inglés. Principalmente el documento se encuentra redactado en inglés para hacer especial énfasis en aquellas labores de investigación desarrolladas en esta etapa, así como los resultados derivados de los diferentes estudios realzados. Mientras que, la parte confeccionada en español hace referencia a aquellos aspectos más descriptivos del documento de Tesis.[CA] L'anàlisi dels olis lubrificants de motor, englobat dins de les tasques realitzades en el Oil Condition Monitoring (OCM), resulta ser una eina poderosa amb la qual s'és capaç d'extraure informació d'utilitat. Per aquest motiu, en aquesta Tesi es va decidir explotar aquest camp realitzant un estudi en profunditat centrat en tres aspectes: millorar les tècniques i protocols ja existents, desenvolupar procediments propis d'acord amb les necessitats i requisits del moment i, per a acabar, posar en valor la informació obtinguda de l'anàlisi dels lubrificants mitjançant l'ús de tractaments estadístics i quimiomètrics. Sota aquestes tres premisses, s'ha desenvolupat tota la tasca d'investigació d'aquesta Tesi. En primer lloc, en relació a l'anàlisi dels olis lubrificants, es va realitzar un estudi sobre la degradació de quatre formulacions d'olis lubrificants. En aquest estudi es van analitzar aspectes propis dels olis com: la seua viscositat cinemàtica, oxidació, nitració, caiguda dels additius antioxidants, etc. així com paràmetres de desgast de motor (monitorant la presència de metalls). Com a resultat d'aquest estudi va ser possible trobar limitacions en les tècniques actuals, la qual cosa va conduir a realitzar millores i/o adaptacions d'aquestes tècniques per a aconseguir obtindre la informació desitjada. El següent aspecte tractat en aquesta Tesi és una conseqüència de la necessitat de, en unes certes situacions, disposar d'informació sobre un o diversos paràmetres d'una determinada forma i amb un grau de precisió elevat. El cas en qüestió analitzat en la Tesi està relacionat amb la quantificació de sutge (soot en anglès). Respecte a la quantificació del soot es va requerir trobar una tècnica que fora capaç d'aportar informació d'una forma ràpida i, a més, poder detectar xicotets canvis. Aquesta tècnica va ser l'espectroscòpia Ultravioleta-Visible, amb la qual es va dissenyar un protocol analític que permetera treballar amb mostres d'oli lubrificant amb molt poc ús i, per tant, poca quantitat de soot dissolta, aconseguint resultats molt satisfactoris en períodes de temps curts. Finalment, a causa de la disponibilitat d'una quantitat de dades considerable fruit del treball realitzat durant tot el temps de duració de la Tesi, es va decidir emprar tota ella per a aconseguir extraure la màxima informació possible gràcies a l'ús de tractaments estadístics i quimiomètrics. Aquest treball, nou en la línia, es va dividir en dos vessants: la primera focalitzada en el conjunt de dades dels olis ja caracteritzats (procedents de l'estudi de la degradació dels olis) i l'altra part a trobar sinergies entre les tècniques espectroscòpiques (FT-IR i NIR) i els assajos de caracterització dels lubrificants. Com a resultat d'això, es van obtindre relacions entre paràmetres que anteriorment no es tenien presents així com models predictius de propietats dels lubrificants a partir de l'anàlisi dels seus espectres. El present document de Tesi es troba redactat en dos idiomes: en espanyol i en anglès. Principalment el document es troba redactat en anglès per a fer especial èmfasi en aquelles labors d'investigació desenvolupades en aquesta etapa així com els resultats derivats dels diferents estudis realitzats. Mentre que, la part confeccionada en espanyol, fa referència a aquells aspectes més descriptius del document de Tesi.[EN] The analysis of engine lubricating oils, encompassed within the tasks carried out in Oil Condition Monitoring (OCM), is a powerful tool with which it is possible to extract useful information. For this reason, in this Thesis it has been decided to exploit this field by carrying out an in-depth study focusing on three aspects: improving existing techniques and protocols, developing our own procedures in accordance with current needs and requirements and finally, adding value to the information obtained from the analysis of lubricants through the use of statistical and chemometric treatments. All the research work in this Thesis has been carried out under these three premises. Firstly, in relation to the analysis of lubricating oils, a study was carried out on the degradation of four lubricating oil formulations. This study analysed aspects of the oils, such as their kinematic viscosity, oxidation, nitration, antioxidant additives depletion, etc. as well as engine wear parameters (monitoring the presence of metals). Using this study, it was possible to find limitations in the current techniques, which led to improvements and/or adaptations of these techniques in order to obtain the desired information. The next aspect dealt with in this Thesis is a consequence of the need, in certain situations, to have information about one or more parameters in a certain form and with a high degree of accuracy. The case in question analysed in the Thesis is related to the quantification of soot. With regard to soot quantification, it was necessary to find a technique that was capable of providing information quickly and, in addition, being able to detect small changes. This technique was Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, with which an analytical protocol was designed to work with samples of lubricating oils with very little use and therefore, with a small amount of dissolved soot, achieving very satisfactory results in short periods of time. Finally, due to the availability of a considerable amount of information resulting from the work carried out throughout the duration of the Thesis, it was decided to use all of these data to extract as much information as possible, thanks to the use of statistical and chemometric treatments. This work, new in the research line, was divided into two parts: the first focused on the dataset of oils already characterised (from the study of oil degradation) and the other on finding synergies between spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and NIR) and lubricant characterisation tests. As a result, relationships between previously unknown parameters were obtained, as well as predictive models of lubricant properties based on the analysis of their spectra. This Thesis document is written in two languages: Spanish and English. The document is mainly written in English in order to place special emphasis on the research work carried out at this stage, as well as the results derived from the different studies carried out. The part written in Spanish refers to the more descriptive aspects of the Thesis document.García Barberá, A. (2022). Study of the Degradation of New Lubricant Oil Formulations with the Design and Demands of Current and Future Engines [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181668TESI

    Engineering Tools to Probe and Manipulate the Immune System at Single-Cell Resolution

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    My thesis focuses on developing experimental and computational tools to probe and manipulate cellular transcriptomes in the context of human health and disease. Chapter 1 and 2 focus on published work where we leverage single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to understand human immune variability, characterize cell-type specific biases of multiple viral variants within an animal, and assess temporal immune response in the brain to delivery of genetic cargo via an adeno-associated virus (AAV). Chapter 3 and 4 present progress I have made on tools for exporting RNA extracellularly and engineering of a transcription factor for modulating macrophage state. For probing cellular transcriptome states, we have developed a platform using multiplexed single-cell sequencing and out-of-clinic capillary blood extraction to understand temporal and inter-individual variability of gene expression within immune cell types. Our platform enables simplified, cost-effective profiling of the human immune system across subjects and time at single-cell resolution. To demonstrate the power of our platform, we performed a three day time-of-day study of four healthy individuals, generating gene expression data for 24,087 cells across 22 samples. We detected genes with cell type-specific time-of-day expression and identified robust genes and pathways particular to each individual, all of which could have been missed if analyzed with bulk RNA-sequencing. Also, using scRNA-seq, we have developed a method to screen and characterize cellular tropism of multiple AAV variants. Additionally, I have looked at AAV-mediated transcriptomic changes in animals injected with AAV-PHP.eB three days and twenty-five days post-injection. I have found that there is an upregulation of genes involved in p53 signaling in endothelial cells three days post-injection. In the context of manipulating cellular transcriptomic states, I demonstrate that a fusion between RNA targeting enzyme, dCas13, and capsid-forming neuronal protein, Arc, is able to form a capsid-like structure capable of encapsulating RNA. I also present methods and preliminary data for tuning macrophage states through mutations in transcription factor EB (TFEB) using scRNA-seq as a readout.</p
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