8,633 research outputs found
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The impact of employees' working relations in creating and retaining trust: the case of the Bahrain Olympic Committee
Introduction: This thesis investigates the impact of employeesâ working relations in creating, maintaining and retaining trust in the Bahrain Olympic Committee (BOC).
Aim: The main aim of this thesis is to determine how the three groups of Organisational Trust variables, namely Social System Elements (SSE), Factors of Trustworthiness (FoT) and Third-Party Gossip (TPG), affect employeesâ Organisational Trust (OTR) in the BOC and promote Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). To answer this main aim, a conceptual framework was created that focused on exploring the following research aims: (1) the interrelationship between SSE and FoT, (2) the effect of SSE on OTR, (3) the impact of TPG on OTR and (4) the effect of OTR on overall OCB.
Methodology: The study uses a mixed-method case study research style that included in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 managers, an online questionnaire survey with 320 employees of the BOC and an analysis of the BOCâs Annual Reports from 2015 to 2018.
Results: The qualitative and quantitative findings indicate, firstly, that there is a significant interrelationship between SSE and FoT, establishing that SSEâs perception of organisational justice (OJ), including that FoTs benevolence and integrity as the most important factors in yielding employeesâ trust in the BOC. Secondly, it has been established that SSEs have significant direct and indirect effects on OTR. Thirdly, negative and positive TPG concurrently occurred in the BOC and the prevalence of negative TPG poses more impact on OTR. Finally, this studyâs findings demonstrated OTRâs effect in generating OCB, including that Civic Virtue was rated as the most preferred of the five OCB themes; this indicates the managersâ and the employeesâ strong emotional attachment and support of the activities taking place at the BOC.
Contributions: Overall, this thesis substantially contributes to OTR literature, particularly in the context of the Middle East. It also proposes several insightful recommendations for future research and practical implications for practitioners in the field of Organisational Trust
Equitable and Inclusive Dance Assessment Resources
This capstone inquires, how can the Minnesota K-12 Dance Standards (revised 2018) lay a practical framework for dance educators to create equitable and inclusive assessments for student success? A dance teacher addresses the need to expand how standards and success are defined in educational dance, noting circumstances where students of dance outside the dominant culture in the United States experience fewer feelings of inclusion and success when dance standards, curriculum, and assessment do not encompass what success looks like for them given their historical and cultural identities, hindering student ability to become self-actualized and wholistically educated artists. Through a review of literature in the areas of general education pedagogy, culturally relevant pedagogy, and dance pedagogy, this capstone applies Historically Responsive Literacy, Culturally Relevant Teaching, and Universal Learning Design, to propose a resource that teachers working in diverse dance settings can utilize to facilitate equitable and inclusive assessments for success
Towards ending incarceration of Indigenous peoples in Canada: A critical, narrative inquiry of hegemonic power in the Gladue report process
Abstract
This study is concerned with the possibility that Gladue perpetuates the hegemonic powers of settler colonialism, white supremacy, patriarchy, and neoliberalism. Gladue is intended to remediate systemic anti-Indigenous racism by requiring judges to consider all alternatives to incarceration when sentencing Indigenous peoples, yet Indigenous incarceration rates continue to rise precipitously. On the surface, Gladue does not appear to disrupt the hegemonic status quo. How is it that the Canadian state, even when âremediating,â keeps producing the same â colonial, oppressive, and tyrannical â result?
This qualitative study used a critical, narrative methodology, interviewing Gladue report writers (n=9) and judges (n=12) about their perspectives and experiences with Gladue, particularly Gladue reports. The study purposefully emphasized settler accountability â research as reparation â in the research design, data collection, and analysis. A careful, ethical protocol for researching with Indigenous peoples (n=9) was followed, premised in Truth and Reconciliation âCall to Actionâ number 30 to reduce Indigenous incarceration in Canada.
This study found that Gladue is falling short of achieving its systemic aim because of (a) a hyper-individualistic, dehumanizing configuration that discursively shifts judges away from dealing with the systemic issue of anti-Indigenous racism, towards judging the individual Indigenous person before the court; (b) colonial mentalities (e.g., whiteness and patriarchy) persisting in the process; (c) a lack of funding for Gladue writers, as well alternatives to incarceration, constraining judgesâ capacities to divert Indigenous away from prisons. The study points towards the need for a more radical framework for Gladue that honours Indigenous self-determination and foundational treaties such as the Two Row Wampum
A Parent's Autoethnography: Examining My Experiences and Identity as Parent, Educator, and Researcher While Teaching Literacy to My Adolescent Sons Who Have Autism and Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
This autoethnography was completed from my unique perspective as a mother to two adolescent
sons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have complex communication needs and use
augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to communicate. Although literacy is a
human right (Ontario Human Rights Commission, 2022a), it often has been overlooked in my
sonsâ self-contained classrooms in high school. As my sonsâ parent and educator, I gathered my
reflections, observations, descriptions, journals, lesson plans, and artifacts to examine the
experiences I encountered in developing their literacy. Initially, I conducted a pilot project based
on Erickson and Koppenhaverâs (2007) Children With Disabilities: Reading and Writing the
Four BlocksÂź Way, the results of which guided my planning in teaching literacy with an
adaptation of the more recent Comprehensive Literacy for All: Teaching Students With
Significant Disabilities to Read and Write (Erickson & Koppenhaver, 2020). I coded by hand
each line of the collected data to extract categories and then streamline these into the meaningful
themes to respond to my two research questions: (a) What are the experiences of a parent
educator who has been teaching literacy awareness and skills to her adolescent sons who both
have autism and use AAC devices? (b) Does the experience shape her identity as a parent,
educator, and researcher? Thematic findings pertaining to the first question revealed experiences
related to planning and questioning and my own transformational learning and mindshift.
Thematic findings related to the second question include: Parental concerns; Educator:
advocating and imposter syndrome; Researcher: Lesson planning and questioning; and
Transformational learning and mindshift. Findings are discussed in light of the literature on
experiences of parents as educators of children with exceptionalities. The study also presents
implications for theory, practice, and research, as well as limitations and future directions
Community Oral History to widen the path: The Jewish Mobile Oral History Project
This article presents the case study of the Jewish Mobile Oral History Project of the McCall Library at the University of South Alabama as an example of a participatory archival practice. With goals to build a collection centered on a minority experience, to engage with community members, and to foster inter-communal dialogue, the project highlights affect as one vital consideration for archival record keepers, users, and subjects
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The Role of Interactive Web Broadcasts in Fostering Distance Learning Studentsâ Engagement with Practical Lab and Fieldwork
Practical work in science and technology disciplines is crucial for studentsâ understanding and mastery. For educators who teach those disciplines at a distance and for students who learn remotely, this endeavour may be challenging.
The study presented in this thesis investigates the use of Interactive Web Broadcasts (IWBs) in five undergraduate practical science and technology modules at The Open University. The study examines the reasons for using IWBs, as well as the strategies and types of interactions that staff and students use to engage and interact with one another. The study gathered perspectives from academics (n=18); associate lecturers (n=10); technical production team (n=3); students (n=88), and an external guest expert about the purposes, strategies and motivations of participating in IWBs. The study used a qualitatively mixed-methods design. An adapted protocol of Flandersâs Interaction Analysis Categories was used to analyse the interaction patterns in the web broadcast transcripts and text-chat logs, and a discourse analysis coding scheme was applied to analyse the text-chat. Student online questionnaires were administered towards the end of the modules to capture the student perceptions of IWBs. Student interviews and staff focus groups were also conducted to gain a fuller picture of experiences of using and engaging with IWBs.
Findings show that the purposes and aims of using IWBs are to facilitate student engagement, foster a sense of community, and demonstrate an authentic practice of the sciences in real-world contexts. The communicative strategies were primarily affective and met studentsâ interests and expectations. The IWBs mitigated feelings of isolation that are common in distance education environments. IWBs had positive impacts on professional teaching practices and fostered collegiality and collaboration among staff. The findings are relevant to other distance and traditional campus-based universities that teach practical science and technology, those who teach online using synchronous technology-mediated systems, and those who are interested in student engagement and practical work
The place where curses are manufactured : four poets of the Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was unique among American wars. To pinpoint its uniqueness, it was necessary to look for a non-American voice that would enable me to articulate its distinctiveness and explore the American character as observed by an Asian. Takeshi Kaiko proved to be most helpful. From his novel, Into a Black Sun, I was able to establish a working pair of 'bookends' from which to approach the poetry of Walter McDonald, Bruce Weigl, Basil T. Paquet and Steve Mason. Chapter One is devoted to those seemingly mismatched 'bookends,' Walt Whitman and General William C. Westmoreland, and their respective anthropocentric and technocentric visions of progress and the peculiarly American concept of the "open road" as they manifest themselves in Vietnam. In Chapter, Two, I analyze the war poems of Walter McDonald. As a pilot, writing primarily about flying, his poetry manifests General Westmoreland's technocentric vision of the 'road' as determined by and manifest through technology. Chapter Three focuses on the poems of Bruce Weigl. The poems analyzed portray the literal and metaphorical descent from the technocentric, 'numbed' distance of aerial warfare to the world of ground warfare, and the initiation of a 'fucking new guy,' who discovers the contours of the self's interior through a set of experiences that lead from from aerial insertion into the jungle to the degradation of burning human
feces. Chapter Four, devoted to the thirteen poems of Basil T. Paquet, focuses on the continuation of the descent begun in Chapter Two. In his capacity as a medic, Paquet's entire body of poems details his quotidian tasks which entail tending the maimed, the mortally wounded and the dead. The final chapter deals with Steve Mason's JohnnY's Song, and his depiction of the plight of Vietnam veterans back in "The World" who are still trapped inside the interior landscape of their individual "ghettoes" of the soul created by their war-time experiences
Understanding factors affecting the teaching of teamwork in Australian higher education business schools
Integrating teamwork into higher education (HE) curricula has been part of the employability skills agenda for decades. Whilst HE academics have published widely on a variety of strategies utilised to implement teamwork in their teaching, there is little evidence of the interrelated factors associated with teaching teamwork and the paradoxes of critical tension points arising from challenges encountered by educators in their efforts to integrate teamwork in their courses. This thesis explores the salient influences affecting the teaching and learning of teamwork in the Australian HE business school context. The outcomes are presented in a thesis by compilation, which includes the traditional structure of introduction, literature review, methodology, findings/discussion, and conclusion chapters, along with three published articles demonstrating original, primary research.
A published global systematic literature review (SLR) identified that temporal, fiscal, psychological, and human resource transaction cost interactions for HE educators, students and institutions affected the uptake of HE teamwork. Interactions are predicated on the way in which educators derive benefits or costs from developing, coordinating, monitoring, participating in, interacting with, and evaluating HE teamwork. Transaction costs, for example, whether to engage with the employability agenda, or provide instruction in team skills, collaborative learning, curriculum design, and assessment of teamwork, represent the return on investment to educators when undertaking the teaching of teamwork. These findings are an original contribution to the HE teamwork literature as there is scant evidence of costs associated with affording or constraining HE teamwork. A second published SLR article was confined to a more rigorous review of the Australian HE teamwork literature. Numerous factors were identified as constraints to HE teamwork, with findings thematically indicating that Australian business discipline educators were mainly concerned with team formation and management, teaching and learning approaches to HE teamwork and challenges influencing teaching and learning practices, thus providing an original contribution to knowledge of the salient issues affecting the teaching and learning of teamwork in the Australian business school context.
These findings were used to inform semi-structured interview questions for a case study of business educators from a range of disciplines across four public universities in Australia. Grounded in a social constructivist paradigm, and using the case study approach, findings from 30 qualitative interviews with Australian business educators identified that performative demands on HE educators resulted in a range of critical paradox tension points, highlighting the salient influences contributing to understanding educator factors affecting the teaching of HE teamwork. Specifically focusing on the performativity paradoxes of performing/organising, performing/learning, and performing/belonging, illuminated the lived experience of business educators navigating performativity with HE teamwork and their reactions to critical tension points in their required or perceived performativity. In this thesis the third published article presented in Chapter Five, conceptualises how business school educators negotiated the inherent stresses, conflicts, and tensions in their teaching to understand, react and influence their approaches to HE teamwork.
Theoretically, the utility of transaction cost and paradox theories as heuristic conceptual lenses to understand the dynamic interactions for educatorsâ facilitating the teaching of teamwork is demonstrated. Conceptual understandings are expanded through the application of paradox theory in the educational context, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and/or professional practice acknowledged by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (2018) as a core aspect of HE scholarship. This is a unique feature of this study, generating original contributions to the understanding of the scholarship of teaching and learning in the field of teamwork in the Australian business school context.
Implications for theory and practice have wider application within HE and provide a sound basis for the development of teamwork as a requisite skill to satisfy not only the broader aspects of the employability agenda, but also advancement of knowledge in the field which has implications for future research, providing opportunities to broaden the scholarship of teaching and learning as it relates to the functionality of teamwork pedagogy
Discovery of tissue specific network properties associated with cancer driver genes
Tese de Mestrado em BioquĂmica, Faculdade de CiĂȘncias, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022Using the notion of disease modules, network medicine has effectively identified diseaseassociated genes in recent years. In biological networks, genes linked to a particular illness tend to
interact closely [1]. These networks allow both physical and functional connections between
biomolecules to be identified, resulting in a map of cell components and processes that constitute
biological systems [2]. Not all disease-associated genes, however, have a major impact on disease
phenotype.
The discovery of important genes able to produce or change disease phenotype paves the path
to new therapies and a personalized medicine strategy. Recent research has found that biological
network topological features per se may accurately predict perturbation effects in a dynamical model of
the system with a 65-80% accuracy [3, 4].
Biological networks differ depending on whatever tissue or cell type is being studied. As a
result, each gene's topological features and ability to impact the system may alter [5].
The main goal of this thesis is to discover network topological parameters associated with
influential cancer driver genes using context specific networks. In order to achieve this, we evaluated
local network features around each driver gene across multiple tissue specific networks, including
tissues that are affected in the disease and others where the gene perturbation has no significant effect.
We aimed to identify topological parameters and its characteristics contributing to the cancer driver
geneâs influential role.
The results of this dissertation point out that several topological parameters can be used to
determine cancer âdriverâ genes. We found that these genes have higher values of topological
parameters, such as Degree or Closeness, in tissues where they tend to cause cancer. We also found that
this difference is present in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Another factor that we found to
influence the value of topological parameters is the number of tissues in which these genes cause the
disease. There is an increasing trend of topological parameter values with the increase of the number of
tissues in which they cause cancer. Together, these results support the significant association of
topological parameters like the Degree with the influential role of a driver gene in cancer.Usando a noção de mĂłdulos de doença, a medicina de redes identificou eficazmente nos Ășltimos
anos genes associados a doenças. Nas redes biológicas, os genes ligados a uma determinada doença
tendem a interagir proximamente [1] . Essas redes permitem que conexĂ”es fĂsicas e funcionais entre
biomoléculas sejam identificadas, resultando num mapa de componentes celulares e processos que
constituem sistemas biolĂłgicos [2]. Nem todos os genes associados Ă doença, no entanto, tĂȘm um grande
impacto no fenótipo da doença.
A descoberta de genes importantes capazes de produzir ou alterar o fenótipo da doença abre
caminho para novas terapias e uma estratégia de medicina personalizada. Pesquisas recentes
descobriram que as caracterĂsticas topolĂłgicas da rede biolĂłgica podem prever com precisĂŁo os efeitos
de perturbação num modelo dinùmico do sistema com uma precisão de 65-80% [3, 4].
As redes biológicas diferem dependendo do tipo de tecido ou célula estudado. Como resultado,
as caracterĂsticas topolĂłgicas de cada gene e a capacidade de impactar o sistema podem ser alteradas
[5].
O principal objetivo desta dissertação é descobrir parùmetros topológicos de rede associados a
genes promotores de cancro usando redes especĂficas de tecido. Para conseguir isso, avaliamos as
caracterĂsticas da rede local em torno de cada gene promotor em vĂĄrias redes especĂficas de tecidos,
incluindo tecidos afetados pela doença e outros onde a perturbação do gene não tem efeito significativo.
Deste modo, podemos identificar parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos e as caracterĂsticas que contribuem para o
papel influente dos genes promotores do cancro.
Para atingir os nossos objetivos, começåmos por construir e otimizar as nossas redes especĂficas
de tecidos. Cada rede especĂfica de tecido foi construĂda usando quatro bases de dados diferentes de
interaçÔes proteĂna-proteĂna, vias de sinalização e fatores de transcrição. TentĂĄmos quatro mĂ©todos
diferentes de construir as redes, incluindo o uso do filtro de nĂveis de expressĂŁo gĂ©nica acima de 0,1 e 5
transcritos por milhĂŁo em cada tecido. ConstruĂmos tambĂ©m uma matriz associando os genes promotores
de cancro (retirados de uma base de dados online de genes promotores de cancro) aos tecidos onde
provocam a doença. Cada gene promotor foi inserido em seis categorias diferentes de acordo com o
nĂșmero de tecidos onde provocam cancro, sendo a categoria seis aquela que inclui os genes que
provocam a doença em seis ou mais tecidos. Começåmos por comparar os valores dos parùmetros
topológicos dos genes em tecidos onde estes provocam a doença versus os seus valores em tecidos onde
não a provocam. Esses valores também foram comparados com uma lista de genes associados ao cancro
(retirados de uma base de dados online de genes associados a doenças), mas não promotores de cancro,
e uma lista de genes não associados a nenhuma doença. Este estudo foi feito sobre os quatro diferentes
mĂ©todos de construção de rede. ContinuĂĄmos o estudo observando como os parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos mostraram diferenças ao nĂvel do tecido. AnalisĂĄmos em cada tecido os valores dos parĂąmetros
topológicos dos genes promotores que causam a doença num determinado tecido versus os valores dos
genes que não causam doença naquele tecido. Depois de comparar os valores dos parùmetros
topolĂłgicos usando todos os genes promotores juntos num grupo global, querĂamos verificar se a
diferença entre os valores destes nos tecidos onde causam cancro versus os valores nos tecidos onde não
provocam a doença, tambĂ©m estava presente dentro das categorias do nĂșmero de tecidos onde os genes
promotores causam cancro e como esses valores aumentam ou diminuem ao longo dessas categorias.
Avaliamos em seguida o impacto combinado dos valores dos parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos (selecionando o
parĂąmetro topolĂłgico âDegreeâ) de genes promotores de cancro em tecidos onde causam doença versus
onde nĂŁo causam e tambĂ©m a diferença entre estes ao longo das seis diferentes categorias de nĂșmero de
tecidos onde provocam cancro, usando um Modelo Linear Generalizado (GLM) para avaliar a interação
desses fatores.
Da base de dados de onde retiramos a lista de genes promotores de cancro, também retiramos
uma lista de oncogenes e genes supressores de tumor que usåmos para avaliar também as diferenças dos
valores dos seus parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos nos tecidos onde causam cancro versus os tecidos onde nĂŁo
causam. A fim de avaliar outras variåveis que possam ter impacto para além dos parùmetros topológicos
e que possam tambĂ©m diferir dependendo do nĂșmero de tecidos onde os genes âdriversâ causam a
doença, usamos os dados da base de dados de onde retiramos os genes promotores que incluĂam
informaçÔes sobre o nĂșmero de interaçÔes que cada gene promotor estabelece com diferentes miRNA e
sobre o nĂșmero de complexos proteicos que estes genes integram. TambĂ©m avaliamos o impacto da
expressĂŁo gĂ©nica nas diferentes categorias de nĂșmero de tecidos. Por fim, enriquecemos funcionalmente
os genes promotores de cancro, usando dois métodos diferentes. No primeiro método usamos os genes
que tinham uma diferença topológica maior (para este estudo usamos apenas o parùmetro topológico
âDegreeâ) entre os tecidos onde causam ou nĂŁo cancro. Classificamos cada gene como positivo,
negativo e nĂŁo significativo com base na diferença entre o valor mĂ©dio do âDegreeâ nos tecidos onde
causam cancro versus o valor nos tecidos onde não causam. O segundo método foi o enriquecimento
dos diferentes genes promotores de cancro de acordo com o nĂșmero de tecidos que causam cancro.
Fizemos esse estudo usando as diferentes categorias de nĂșmero de tecidos.
Globalmente, os nossos resultados sugerem que os valores dos parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos (por
exemplo, âDegreeâ e âClosenessâ) tendem a ser maiores nos tecidos em que os genes promoteres de
cancro provocam a doença ( âTissue Driversâ), seguidos pelos valores dos genes de cancro que sĂŁo nĂŁo
promotores de cancro mas estĂŁo associados ao desenvolvimento da doença (âDisease Genesâ), os
valores dos genes promotores de cancro nos tecidos onde nĂŁo causam cancro (âNonTissueDriversâ) e
por Ășltimo, com os menores valores de parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos, os genes que nĂŁo estĂŁo associados a
qualquer doença. A diferença entre os valores dos parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos nos âTissueDriversâ versus
âNonTissueDriversâ Ă© estatisticamente significativa na maioria dos parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos testados e
nos diferentes mĂ©todos de rede utilizados, exceto no mĂ©todo âJustHuRiTPM5Zminmaxâ (usando apenas a base de dados Huri). Quando analisĂĄmos em cada tecido os valores dos parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos,
pudemos ver que os valores de âDegreeâ tendem a ser maiores nos genes promotores de cancro que
causam cancro naquele tecido em comparação com os genes promotores que não provocam cancro nesse
tecido. Essa diferença é estatisticamente significativa em muitos dos tecidos analisados.
Em relação a como os valores dos parùmetros topológicos se comportam ao longo das diferentes
categorias associadas ao nĂșmero de tecidos em que os genes promotores causam cancro, descobrimos
que nos genes promotores de cancro que causam doença em apenas em um e dois tecidos, o valor do
âDegreeâ nos tecidos onde causam cancro Ă© menor que o valor apresentado nos tecidos onde nĂŁo causam
cancro. Observamos a tendĂȘncia inversa nos genes promotores que causam cancro em seis ou mais
tecidos (o valor do âDegreeâ Ă© maior nos tecidos onde causam cancro). Observamos tambĂ©m que o valor
do âDegreeâ aumenta gradativamente ao longo do nĂșmero da categoria de tecidos, atingindo o valor
mais alto na categoria seis (constituĂda por genes promotores que provocam cancro em seis ou mais
tecidos).
No modelo linear generalizado (GLM), pudemos ver o efeito combinado da variĂĄvel tipo de
tecido (onde o gene promotor provoca ou não cancro, mostrando uma diferença estatisticamente
significativa entre estas duas situaçÔes) e da variĂĄvel nĂșmero de tecidos onde os genes promotores
provocam cancro (mostrando também uma valor estatisticamente significativo entre as diferentes
categorias). A interação entre esses dois fatores também foi estatisticamente significativa.
TambĂ©m pudemos observar valores de âDegreeâ estatisticamente diferentes entre os genes
promotores supressores de tumor nos tecidos que causam cancro (com valores mais altos) e os valores
nos tecidos onde não causam. Vimos também a mesma diferença nos Oncogenes, mas com menor
significĂąncia. Os valores do âDegreeâ nos genes Supressores de Tumores foram inferiores aos valores
do âDegreeâ apresentados pelos Oncogenes.
Pudemos igualmente ver uma clara tendĂȘncia de correlação entre o aumento do nĂșmero de
tecidos com o aumento do nĂșmero de complexos que os genes promotores de cancro integram. O mesmo
comportamento foi observado em relação ao nĂșmero de miRNAs com os quais os genes promotores
interagem.
Em relação Ă expressĂŁo do mRNA ao longo das categorias de nĂșmero de tecidos, pudemos ver
uma diferença estatisticamente significativa nas categorias dois e trĂȘs entre os valores dos genes
promotores(em relação ao parĂąmetro topolĂłgico âDegreeâ) nos tecidos onde causam cancro versus onde
nĂŁo causam.
Finalmente, no estudo de enriquecimento de funçÔes pudemos ver que os processos biológicos,
funçÔes moleculares e componentes celulares que obtivemos enriquecidos usando o método das
diferentes categorias de nĂșmero de tecidos estĂŁo muito mais relacionados com os processos de cancro
baseados na literatura (âhallmarks of cancerâ). NĂŁo conseguimos encontrar uma divisĂŁo muito clara
entre funçÔes biolĂłgicas enriquecidas que tiveram uma diferença de z-score do âDegreeâ acima de 1 e aqueles com diferença abaixo de -1. NĂŁo encontramos nenhum processo de enriquecimento funcional
relevante em nenhum desses dois grupos de genes e que de alguma forma os pudesse distinguir entre si.
Os resultados desta dissertação apontam para que vårios parùmetros topológicos possam estar
associados a genes promotores de cancro. VerificĂĄmos que estes genes tĂȘm valores de parĂąmetros
topolĂłgicos, como o Degree ou Closeness, mais elevados nos tecidos onde tendencionalmente provocam
cancro. Verificåmos também que esta diferença estå presente nos oncogenes e nos genes supressores de
tumor. Outro fator que verificamos influenciar o valor dos parĂąmetros topolĂłgicos, Ă© o nĂșmero de
tecidos em que estes genes provocam a doença. HĂĄ uma tendĂȘncia crescente do valor topolĂłgico com
um nĂșmero de tecidos em que provocam cancro
Forms of retreat and return in the novels of Don Delillo
This thesis explores themes of retreat and return within the novels of the contemporary American author Don DeLillo. While several of these forms of retreat and return are well-documented in the established body of academic work devoted to DeLilloâs major novels of the 1980s and 1990s, there has been less attention paid to their prominence within his earlier writing. This thesis moves away from existing academic readings of the authorâs work as either being defined by a three-part structure, or being categorized into two canonical and precanonical phases, to assess DeLilloâs work as one body. Within this more holistic view of DeLilloâs writing, ideas of retreat and return can be seen as a uniting authorial concern that runs throughout his novels, from the earliest to the most recent.
Throughout the decades in which DeLillo has been recognised as one of the âgreatâ figures in American fiction, his work has featured many expressions of a fixation on forms of personal retreat. Characters in his work repeatedly withdraw from society through physical exile, self-sabotage, fasts, and periods of silence, in retreats influenced by secularised, and often vague, spiritual and religious antecedents. These forms of retreat are often followed by some form of elective or passive return, either physical or spiritual, so that a kind of ebb and flow of retreat and return becomes visible when DeLilloâs novels are viewed as a complete body of work. Alongside instances of characters enacting this ebb and flow, DeLilloâs work has dramatized an engagement with society and history within a context of diminished objectivity. His historiographic work explores a retreat from historical certainty following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. This exploration is achieved in part through the fictional rendering of historical figures and events. In his most recent work, DeLillo appears to have enacted his own retreat from the title of âgreat American authorâ, while returning to some of the figures and fixations of his early publications. Images of ghosts and haunting become increasingly important within this simultaneous retreat and return, as DeLilloâs novels continue to be haunted by events from American history and figures and ideas from his own work.
Finally, DeLillo imagines a near-future in which notions of objectivity appear to have retreated altogether, and in which individual characters retreat into a haunted state of contingency and uncertainty, which nevertheless implies the lasting possibility of return
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