566,101 research outputs found
Gas stripping by radiation drag from an interstellar cloud
We perform two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation on the gas stripping by
radiation drag from an interstellar cloud moving in uniform radiation fields.
To properly include relativistic radiation drag, the radiation hydrodynamic
equation is solved with taking into account the dilution of radiation fields by
optical depth of the cloud. As a result, it is found that the optically-thin
surface layers are effectively stripped by radiation drag from an
optically-thick gas cloud, and simultaneously stripped gas loses momentum. The
momentum loss time-scale is found to be on the order of years under
intensive radiation fields which are expected in the early phase of galaxy
evolution. The present results show that the radiation drag is an effective
mechanism to extract angular momentum from interstellar medium and allows it to
accrete onto the galactic center. The mass accretion driven by radiation drag
may lead to the formation of a central supermassive black hole.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for MNRA
Transformation Properties of External Radiation Fields, Energy-Loss Rates and Scattered Spectra, and a Model for Blazar Variability
We treat transformation properties of external radiation fields in the proper
frame of a plasma moving with constant speed. The specific spectral energy
densities of external isotropic and accretion-disk radiation fields are derived
in the comoving frame of relativistic outflows, such as those thought to be
found near black-hole jet and gamma-ray burst sources. Nonthermal electrons and
positrons Compton-scatter this radiation field, and high-energy protons and
ions interact with this field through photomeson and photopair production. We
revisit the problem of the Compton-scattered spectrum associated with an
external accretion-disk radiation field, and clarify a past treatment by the
authors. Simple expressions for energy-loss rates and Thomson-scattered spectra
are given for ambient soft photon fields consisting either of a surrounding
external isotropic monochromatic radiation field, or of an azimuthally
symmetric, geometrically thin accretion-disk radiation field. A model for
blazar emission is presented that displays a characteristic spectral and
variability behavior due to the presence of a direct accretion-disk component.
The disk component and distinct flaring behavior can be bright enough to be
detected from flat spectrum radio quasars with {\it GLAST}. Spectral states of
blazars are characterized by the relative importance of the accretion-disk and
scattered radiation fields and, in the extended jet, by the accretion disk,
inner jet, and cosmic microwave background radiation fields.Comment: 43 pages, 12 figures, ApJ, in press; includes improvements in
response to referee report, added references, section of detectability with
GLAS
Effects of External Radiation Fields on Line Emission - Application to Star-forming Regions
A variety of astronomical environments contain clouds irradiated by a
combination of isotropic and beamed radiation fields. For example, molecular
clouds may be irradiated by the isotropic cosmic microwave background (CMB), as
well as by a nearby active galactic nucleus (AGN). These radiation fields
excite atoms and molecules and produce emission in different ways. We revisit
the escape probability theorem and derive a novel expression that accounts for
the presence of external radiation fields. We show that when the field is
isotropic the escape probability is reduced relative to that in the absence of
external radiation. This is in agreement with previous results obtained under
ad hoc assumptions or with the two-level system, but can be applied to complex
many-level models of atoms or molecules. This treatment is in the development
version of the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. We examine the spectrum of a
Spitzer cloud embedded in the local interstellar radiation field, and show that
about 60 percent of its emission lines are sensitive to background subtraction.
We argue that this geometric approach could provide an additional tool toward
understanding the complex radiation fields of starburst galaxies.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication to Ap
Radiation Reaction fields for an accelerated dipole for scalar and electromagnetic radiation
The radiation reaction fields are calculated for an accelerated changing
dipole in scalar and electromagnetic radiation fields. The acceleration
reaction is shown to alter the damping of a time varying dipole in the EM case,
but not the scalar case. In the EM case, the dipole radiation reaction field
can exert a force on an accelerated monopole charge associated with the
accelerated dipole. The radiation reaction of an accelerated charge does not
exert a torque on an accelerated magnetic dipole, but an accelerated dipole
does exert a force on the charge. The technique used is that originally
developed by Penrose for non-singular fields and extended by the author for an
accelerated monopole charge.Comment: 11 page
Electromagnetic and gravitational radiation from the coherent oscillation of electron-positron pairs and fields
Integrating equations of particle-number and energy-momentum conservation and
Maxwell field equations, we study the oscillation and drift of electron and
positron pairs coherently with fields after these pairs are produced in
external electromagnetic fields. From the electric current of oscillating
pairs, we obtain the energy spectrum of electromagnetic dipole radiation. This
narrow spectrum is so peculiar that the detection of such radiation can
identify pair production and oscillation in strong laser fields. We also obtain
the energy spectrum of gravitational quadrapole radiation from the
energy-momentum tensor of oscillating pairs and fields. Thus, we discuss the
generation of gravitational waves on the basis of rapid development of strong
laser fields.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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