TECHNO-ECONOMY ANALYSIS OF CONDENSATE LIFTING FACILITIES PROJECT AT NORTH SEA JAVA BY PT.X

The Government of Indonesia have been establishing PT. X to meet fuel needs in Indonesia. PT. X is a state-owned company engaged as a subsidiary of PT. Pertamina\u27s upstream sector. As a company engaged in oil and gas, one of PT. X activity is building projects for either resevoirs or supporting facilities. PT. X use techno-economy analysis in determine which of the project should be build. Techno-economy analysis is the analysis used to determine the best choice of a project alternative compared to other alternatives using the calculation of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period and sensitivity analyzes. In this case the analysis is performed on development projects in the field of lifting facilities northern Java Sea. There are three alternatives that are generated to find the best alternative in building the lifting facilities.. The first alternative is building new ORF, the second alternative is shipping and docking, and the third alternative is joint lifting. Based on that analysis analysis, the conclusion is the best alternative is the third alternative. That conclusion is based on the value of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, payback period and Benefit-Cost Ratio. The value of each of that in sequence is $27.660.000 of NPV, 27% of IRR, 2 years of payback period and 1,55 value of the BCR. All those four values are better compared to the other alternatives. Beside of that value, this alternative is sensitive to the value of gross production and insensitive to the oil price. Because of that the chosen alternative to execute the building of lifting facilities in XX field by PT. X based on the techno-economy assesment and analysis is by joint lifting

Signal-to-noise ratio of Gaussian-state ghost imaging

The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of three Gaussian-state ghost imaging configurations--distinguished by the nature of their light sources--are derived. Two use classical-state light, specifically a joint signal-reference field state that has either the maximum phase-insensitive or the maximum phase-sensitive cross correlation consistent with having a proper $P$ representation. The third uses nonclassical light, in particular an entangled signal-reference field state with the maximum phase-sensitive cross correlation permitted by quantum mechanics. Analytic SNR expressions are developed for the near-field and far-field regimes, within which simple asymptotic approximations are presented for low-brightness and high-brightness sources. A high-brightness thermal-state (classical phase-insensitive state) source will typically achieve a higher SNR than a biphoton-state (low-brightness, low-flux limit of the entangled-state) source, when all other system parameters are equal for the two systems. With high efficiency photon-number resolving detectors, a low-brightness, high-flux entangled-state source may achieve a higher SNR than that obtained with a high-brightness thermal-state source.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. This version incorporates additional references and a new analysis of the nonclassical case that, for the first time, includes the complete transition to the classical signal-to-noise ratio asymptote at high source brightnes

Selective mass enhancement close to the quantum critical point in BaFe₂(As₁₋ₓ Pₓ )₂

A quantum critical point (QCP) is currently being conjectured for the BaFe₂(As₁₋ₓ Pₓ )₂ system at the critical value xc ≈ 0.3. In the proximity of a QCP, all thermodynamic and transport properties are expected to scale with a single characteristic energy, given by the quantum fluctuations. Such a universal behavior has not, however, been found in the superconducting upper critical field Hc2. Here we report Hc2 data for epitaxial thin films extracted from the electrical resistance measured in very high magnetic fields up to 67 Tesla. Using a multi-band analysis we find that Hc₂ is sensitive to the QCP, implying a significant charge carrier effective mass enhancement at the doping-induced QCP that is essentially band-dependent. Our results point to two qualitatively different groups of electrons in BaFe₂(As₁₋ₓ Pₓ )₂ . The first one (possibly associated to hot spots or whole Fermi sheets) has a strong mass enhancement at the QCP, and the second one is insensitive to the QCP. The observed duality could also be present in many other quantum critical systems

Molecular tracers of PDR-dominated galaxies

Photon-dominated regions (PDRs) are powerful molecular line emitters in external galaxies. They are expected in galaxies with high rates of massive star formation due to either starburst (SB) events or starburst coupled with active galactic nuclei (AGN) events. We have explored the PDR chemistry for a range of physical conditions representing a variety of galaxy types. Our main result is a demonstration of the sensitivity of the chemistry to changes in the physical conditions. We adopt crude estimates of relevant physical parameters for several galaxy types and use our models to predict suitable molecular tracers of those conditions. The set of recommended molecular tracers differs from that which we recommended for use in galaxies with embedded massive stars. Thus, molecular observations can in principle be used to distinguish between excitation by starburst and by SB+AGN in distant galaxies. Our recommendations are intended to be useful in preparing Herschel and ALMA proposals to identify sources of excitation in galaxies.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, Accepted in Ap