Analysis of system capacity and spectral efficiency of fixed-grid network

In this article, the performance of a fixed grid network is examined for various modulation formats to estimate the system's capacity and spectral efficiency. The optical In-phase Quadrature Modulator structure is used to build a fixed grid network modulation, and the homodyne detection approach is used for the receiver. Data multiplexing is accomplished using the Polarization Division Multiplexed technology. 100 Gbps, 150 Gbps, and 200 Gbps data rates are transmitted under these circumstances utilizing various modulation formats. Various pre-processing and signal recovery steps are explained by using modern digital signal processing systems. The achieved spectrum efficiencies for PM-QPSK, PM-8 QAM, and PM-16 QAM, respectively, were 2, 3, and 4 bits/s/Hz. Different modulation like PM-QPSK, PM-8-QAM, and PM-16-QAM each has system capacities of 8-9, 12-13.5, and 16-18 Tbps and it reaches transmission distances of 3000, 1300, and 700 kilometers with acceptable Bit Error Rate less than equal to 2*10-3 respectively. Peak optical power for received signal detection and full width at half maximum is noted for the different modulations under a fixed grind network

MOŻLIWOŚCI WYKORZYSTANIA TRANSMISJI POZA PASMEM 1550 nm

In this paper, opportunities for transmission in the 850 nm and 1310 nm windows are reviewed. In particular, the mentioned windows can be utilized for the data centre related transmission.W artykule dokonano analizy możliwości wykorzystania okien transmisyjnych 850 nm i 1310 nm. Rozważane okna można wykorzystać do realizacji transmisji dla potrzeb centrów danych

Reformation of offenders in Nigerian correctional institutions

This study examined the correlations between rehabilitation and reformation programmes such as moral instruction and counselling and medical services in Nigerian correctional institutions. A survey design was adopted. The participants were 224 offenders selected from seven correctional institutions in Nigeria. Questionnaire items were administered. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationships between the variables. The findings reveal a moderate positive significant relationship between moral instruction and rehabilitation; there is a strong positive significant relationship between counselling services and rehabilitation and there is a strong positive relationship between medical care and rehabilitation. It is therefore recommended that Nigerian correctional institutions be in compliance with international best practice. More effort should also be given towards the teaching of moral instruction that has been identified as moderate because the higher the moral instruction given to offenders the higher the offender rehabilitation

Investigation on Material Dispersion as a Function of Pressure and Temperature for Sensor Design

The concept of material dispersion is an important factor in analyzing the performance of an optical fiber system. The thesis presents an analysis of the material dispersion as a function of any pressure (in Mega Newton\u27s per square meter) and temperature (in degrees Celsius). The pressure dependent and temperature dependent Sellmeier coefficients are considered for the analysis. The results obtained can be used in building a sensor that can be used for measuring dispersion as a function of pressure or temperature