392 research outputs found
Green Cellular Network Deployment To Reduce RF Pollution
As the mobile telecommunication systems are growing tremendously all over the
world, the numbers of handheld and base stations are also rapidly growing and
it became very popular to see these base stations distributed everywhere in the
neighborhood and on roof tops which has caused a considerable amount of panic
to the public in Palestine concerning wither the radiated electromagnetic
fields from these base stations may cause any health effect or hazard. Recently
UP High Court in India ordered for removal of BTS towers from residential area,
it has created panic among cellular communication network designers too. Green
cellular networks could be a solution for the above problem. This paper deals
with green cellular networks with the help of multi-layer overlaid hierarchical
structure (macro / micro / pico / femto cells). Macrocell for area coverage,
micro for pedestrian and a slow moving traffic while pico for indoor use and
femto for individual high capacity users. This could be the answer of the
problem of energy conservation and enhancement of spectral density also.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1204.2101, arXiv:1110.2627, and with arXiv:0803.0952 and
arXiv:0803.0952 by other author
Green Cellular Networks: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges
Energy efficiency in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular
operators to not only maintain profitability, but also to reduce the overall
environment effects. This emerging trend of achieving energy efficiency in
cellular networks is motivating the standardization authorities and network
operators to continuously explore future technologies in order to bring
improvements in the entire network infrastructure. In this article, we present
a brief survey of methods to improve the power efficiency of cellular networks,
explore some research issues and challenges and suggest some techniques to
enable an energy efficient or "green" cellular network. Since base stations
consume a maximum portion of the total energy used in a cellular system, we
will first provide a comprehensive survey on techniques to obtain energy
savings in base stations. Next, we discuss how heterogeneous network deployment
based on micro, pico and femto-cells can be used to achieve this goal. Since
cognitive radio and cooperative relaying are undisputed future technologies in
this regard, we propose a research vision to make these technologies more
energy efficient. Lastly, we explore some broader perspectives in realizing a
"green" cellular network technologyComment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Separation Framework: An Enabler for Cooperative and D2D Communication for Future 5G Networks
Soaring capacity and coverage demands dictate that future cellular networks
need to soon migrate towards ultra-dense networks. However, network
densification comes with a host of challenges that include compromised energy
efficiency, complex interference management, cumbersome mobility management,
burdensome signaling overheads and higher backhaul costs. Interestingly, most
of the problems, that beleaguer network densification, stem from legacy
networks' one common feature i.e., tight coupling between the control and data
planes regardless of their degree of heterogeneity and cell density.
Consequently, in wake of 5G, control and data planes separation architecture
(SARC) has recently been conceived as a promising paradigm that has potential
to address most of aforementioned challenges. In this article, we review
various proposals that have been presented in literature so far to enable SARC.
More specifically, we analyze how and to what degree various SARC proposals
address the four main challenges in network densification namely: energy
efficiency, system level capacity maximization, interference management and
mobility management. We then focus on two salient features of future cellular
networks that have not yet been adapted in legacy networks at wide scale and
thus remain a hallmark of 5G, i.e., coordinated multipoint (CoMP), and
device-to-device (D2D) communications. After providing necessary background on
CoMP and D2D, we analyze how SARC can particularly act as a major enabler for
CoMP and D2D in context of 5G. This article thus serves as both a tutorial as
well as an up to date survey on SARC, CoMP and D2D. Most importantly, the
article provides an extensive outlook of challenges and opportunities that lie
at the crossroads of these three mutually entangled emerging technologies.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 201
Pricing and bandwidth allocation problems in wireless multi-tier networks
International audienceFuture cellular networks are facing crucial architecture changes to cope with high throughput, energy and cost-efficiency demands. Emerging solutions are small-cells and femto-cells which will coexist with classical macro-cells technology. In these heterogeneous networks, we study the joint service pricing and bandwidth allocation problem at the operator level. Each user selfishly adopts the service that optimizes its satisfaction. The user-level problem is formulated as a general non-atomic game. The Wardrop equilibrium is proven to exist and an analytical expression is provided for arbitrary number of services. The equilibria multiplicity, the influence of pricing and bandwidth allocation policies are investigated numerically
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