7,276 research outputs found

    Feed the Machine - An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Openness in Innovation on IT Entrepreneurship

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    In the future, if businesses want to innovate, IT will have to play a substantial role. Furthermore, innovating with IT will most likely imply opening up the innovation channel and collaborating with various kinds of external partners, as digital platforms and eco-systems involving various actors arise. According to prior research, emphasizing external innovation collaboration bears the risk of inhibiting internal innovation. As the ability to innovate with IT becomes a key differ-ential factor in almost every industry, business managers – especially in non-IT firms – must cultivate the entrepreneurial role of their IT departments and the respective employees. There-fore, the question arises of how the focus on external innovation sources and the emphasis on internal innovativeness of IT professionals relate to each other. Prior research has generated conflicting results on this issue. With our large-scale (n = 354) empirical analysis, we provide evidence that firm openness fosters the entrepreneurial behavior of IT professionals. Further-more, this impact is mediated by the absorptive capacity of the IT unit. Consequently, as our model shows, valuable external knowledge can be integrated for internal innovation purposes, thus driving both IT professionals’ willingness to act entrepreneurially as well as their perceived ability to do so

    Big data methods, social media, and the psychology of entrepreneurial regions: capturing cross-county personality traits and their impact on entrepreneurship in the USA

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    There is increasing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence and Big Data (e.g., generated via social media) to help understand economic outcomes. But can artificial intelligence models based on publicly available Big Data identify geographical differences in entrepreneurial personality or culture? We use a machine learning model based on 1.5 billion tweets by 5.25 million users to estimate the Big Five personality traits and an entrepreneurial personality profile for 1,772 U.S. counties. The Twitter-based personality estimates show substantial relationships to county-level entrepreneurship activity, accounting for 20% (entrepreneurial personality profile) and 32% (Big Five traits) of the variance in local entrepreneurship, even when controlling for other factors that affect entrepreneurship. Whereas more research is clearly needed, our findings have initial implications for research and practice concerned with entrepreneurial regions and eco-systems, and regional economic outcomes interacting with local culture. The results suggest, for example, that social media datasets and artificial intelligence methods have the potential to deliver comparable information on the personality and culture of regions than studies based on millions of questionnaire-based personality tests

    Globalization and entrepreneurship

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    Entrepreneurship in Agriculture – Farmer Typology, Determinants and Values

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    Entrepreneurship in agriculture is becoming of greater importance with the changing framework conditions for agricultural production. The present dissertation analyses this topic from different angles in order to gain a comprehensive picture of the current situation in Germany and to provide politicians, stakeholders and farmers with fundamental insights and implications. Therefore, it consists of three contributions covering different aspects: the first one identifies which different farmer types exist within a comprehensive sample of German farmers in order to generate a starting point and an orientation for agricultural policy design. Three clusters can be identified; conventional growers as important actors for efficient agricultural production, versatile youngsters as innovators within the sector and family-based farmers as important actors for maintaining vivid rural areas. The second contribution sets up which different strategic entrepreneurial choices in agriculture exist and aims at explaining which factors determine the choice of a certain strategy. In general it can be distinguished between reduction, continuation, expansion, diversification and the dual strategy of expansion and diversification. Analysing determinants, strong effects are observable particularly within the area of personal factors, such as creativity or risk attitude, as well as family support. Finally, the third contribution analyses the inner drivers of entrepreneurial action; farmers’ values in order to get a deeper understanding of the underlying motives. Farmers of the sample first and foremost prioritise self-transcendence values followed by openness to change. Conservation and self-enhancement are ranked to be less important within farmers’ value priorities. Furthermore, three different value portraits are identifiable within the sample. These groups differ significantly among other things in their risk attitude and involvement in structural diversification. For the analyses unsupervised machine learning methods are applied in contribution one and three next to a multinomial logit model in contribution two and multidimensional scaling in contribution three. Implications for farmers, policy as well as for actors within the sector are derived.2021-06-1

    From Talent to Creative City: Towards a conceptual framework

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    The creative class approach (Florida, 2002b) has led to many developments. Therefore, measurement of creativity (Chantelot, 2010), economic influence of creative people in urban (Marlet & Van Woerkens, 2007) and rural (McGranahan & Wojan, 2007) environments, or creative people geography (Chantelot & al., 2010) and factors that shape it (Boshma & Fritsch, 2009) have been investigated. Increasingly, these works tend to substitute static considerations (who and where are creative people?) to dynamic approaches (what do the creative people?). Creativity mainly comes from talent (Florida, 2002a) but creative production is generated through collective process where social interactions, learning and diffusion of ideas predominate (Cohendet & Simon, 2008). The transition from individual to collective process particularly appears to be driven by cities, defined as privileged theaters of creativity (Hall, 1998). Hence, cities managing to convert micro or individuals ideas to macro or collective outputs can be defined as “creative citiesâ€. It sheds light on the determinant role of cities in attracting, organizing and producing creative people in order to experience virtuous path of economic competitiveness (Lucas, 1988). This communication aims to give a conceptual framework to characterize creative cities. At the urban level, it formalizes the micro / macro transition: micro level consists in talent, which includes both individuals with a creative profession directly involved in the production of innovations, new knowledge and ideas - both related to the industrial or scientific sphere (the 'creative core') and arts (the Bohemians) - or in its implementation and management on the market (the 'creative professionals' - ibid.). Therefore, the aim is to connect creative or innovative clusters of firms (where creative pro and core mainly work) with creative urban districts characterized by intense cultural and artistic, driven by Bohemians, and places of socialization and urban regeneration. This connection can be ensured by a meso level characterized by the presence of communities that facilitate the micro/macro-ideas transition to the market. The definition of these three different levels, the construction of their measure, and the way to identify their respective roles and interactions that shape the creative city structure the dynamic conceptual model we propose here.

    Founder Success in Norwegian Startups: A Machine Learning Approach : A study on the use of machine learning and personality traits to predict startup performance from a pre-seed perspective

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    This thesis aims to investigate founder characteristics in the Norwegian startup ecosystem and if machine learning can help venture capital firm identity successful founders at a startup’s earliest stages, when information is greatly limited. The authors collected and refined data from multiple sources, resulting in a unique dataset of 1918 tech-driven, scalable startups and 2700 unique founders. Especially outstanding in the dataset is the inclusion of personality traits estimated though the use of artificial intelligence. Four supervised machine learning models were employed to classify the founders into two created success categories, low success, and high success. The two tree-based methods, Extreme Gradient Boosting and Random Forest performed best considering the evaluation metrics, resulting in a classification accuracy of over 62%, while Logistic Regression and K-Nearest Neighbours did not follow far behind. The thesis finds significant evidence that the Number of Founders of a company and the personality trait Conscientiousness are strong predictors of success in the Norwegian startup landscape. Both of our findings showcase a positive correlation with startup performance, meaning entrepreneurs who inherits high Conscientiousness and are part of founding teams are more likely to succeed as entrepreneurs in Norway. The research has two use cases. One, to narrow the research gap on founders in Norwegian startups, and two, motivate venture capital firms in Norway to adapt and implement machine learning models to help with decision-making, despite the challenges of limited data. The authors encourage others to continue research on this area, such as investigating the validity of personality traits obtained through artificial intelligence and broadening and expanding the research to other companies in Norway and other Scandinavian countries. The thesis recognizes the potential ethical considerations that arise when collecting public data on private individuals. The weaknesses of this research are also discussed, which include the chosen data structure and biases in the data.nhhma

    Estratégias colaborativas e performance financeira: conexões múltiplas para explorar as vantagens de ecossistemas de inovação

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    Purpose: This study aims to further explore the range and importance of collaborative strategies regarding open innovation to either accelerate innovative performance or leverage financial performance. Results will help recovery policies. Design/Methodology/Approach: Multiple datasets were used, first, Portuguese CIS 2018, and the second was built combining firm data from SABI and purposeful survey with 908 valid responses. The econometric estimations were run to achieve a threefold target: firstly, to appraise the contribution of open innovation and co-creation in the innovation development, second to appraise the role of University-Industry Collaborations and open innovation in the improvement of financial performance, and, thirdly, a refined model to fully evaluate our policy recommendations. Findings: The user community plays an important role in the context of open innovation. Open innovation strategies enable the innovative process also prospecting turnover growth. The full exploitation of the open innovation ecosystem will raise firm turnover, being therefore a non-neglectable policy source to disentangle adverse macroeconomic contexts. Research limitations/Implications: First, despite of the existence of 878 valid responses which grant econometric robustness, the survey sample is not representative of the entire Portuguese territory. Second, due to most of the firms not belonging to the stock exchange, Tobin’s Q proxy for performance failed to grasp econometric significance. Thirdly due to the use of static models, the appraisal of impulse response to policies became unfeasible. Practical implications: The conclusions of the study reveal the need of integration of the user-community in the innovative progress and the creation of incentives for stakeholders to achieve long-term profitability and not only short-term growth in turnover through open innovation adoption, notwithstanding, but the recovery from negative external shocks can also rely on open innovation strategies further reinforcing sustainable ecosystems. Originality/Value: The study identifies the importance of open innovation practices in innovation process and the firm performance. The potential of adopting a more collaborative environment is validated in theorical terms and followed by an exploratory analysis comprising statistical analysis and econometric estimations. The results evidence the relation between public sector with private firms in co-creation environment, that added to open innovation can leverage the innovation process. The study helps policy makers elaborate adequate strategies to enhance university-industry collaboration and open innovation practices, aiming to increase the overall firm’s financial performance.Motivação: O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar o alcance e importância de estratégias colaborativas relativas à prática de inovação aberta para acelerar o processo de inovação ou para alavancar a performance financeira. Resultados ajudaram a identificar políticas de recuperação. Design/Metodologia/Abordagem: Foram utilizadas um conjunto de base de dados, primeiro, Portugal CIS 2018 e segundo foi construído combinando dados financeiros do SABI e um questionário com 908 respostas válidas. As estimativas econométricas foram realizadas para atingir um triplo objetivo: primeiramente, para avaliar a contribuição da inovação aberta e cocriação no desenvolvimento da inovação, segundo, para avaliar o papel da colaboração universidade-indústria e da inovação aberta na melhoria da performance financeira, e por fim, um modelo refinado para avaliar totalmente as nossas recomendações políticas. Resultados/Destaques: A comunidade com os utilizadores desempenha um papel importante no contexto da inovação aberta. Estratégias de inovação aberta permitem o desenvolvimento dos processos de inovação tal como a prospeção de crescimento do volume de negócios. A total exploração do ecossistema de inovação aberta aumentará a faturação das empresas, sendo assim uma fonte de política não negligenciável para contextos macroeconómicos adversos. Limitações/Implicações de pesquisa: Primeiro, apesar da existência de 878 respostas válidas que garantem a robustez econométrica, a amostra do questionário não representa a totalidade do território português. Segundo, devido à maioria das empresas não estarem cotadas em bolsa de valores, a proxy do Q de Tobin falha em obter significância econométrica. Terceiro, devido a ser utilizado um modelo estático, a apreciação da resposta de impulsos às políticas tornou-se inviável. Implicações práticas: As conclusões do estudo revelam a necessidade da integração da comunidade dos utilizadores no processo de inovação e da criação de incentivos aos gestores para alcançar rentabilidade a longo prazo e não somente o crescimento do volume de negócios a curto prazo através da adoção de práticas de inovação aberta, não obstante, a recuperação de um choque externo negativo pode ser suportada pela adoção de prática de inovação que reforcem um ecossistema sustentável. Originalidade/Valor: O estudo identifica a importância das práticas inovação aberta no processo de inovação e na performance financeira. O potencial de adoção de um ambiente mais colaborativo é validado em termos teóricos e seguido pela análise explicativa composta pela análise estatística e estimações econométricas. Os resultados evidenciam a relação entre setor público e privado no ambiente de cocriação, que adicionado à inovação aberta alavanca o processo de inovação. O estudo ajuda decisores políticos a elaborar estratégias adequadas para aumentar colaborações universidade-indústria e práticas de inovação aberta, visando o aumento geral da performance financeira das empresas.Mestrado em Economi
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