Preservation of Patient Level Privacy: Federated Classification and Calibration Models

With the launching of the Precision Medicine Initiative in the United States, by the National Institute of Health, and the emergence of a large volume of electronic health records, there are many opportunities to improve clinical decision support systems. A large number of samples are needed to build predictive models that have adequate discrimination and calibration. However, protecting patient privacy is also an important issue. Patient data are typically protected in localized silos, and consolidation of datasets from different healthcare systems is difficult. Federated learning allows the training of a global model by amassing intermediate calculations from localized medical systems. The knowledge learned from the data can be transferred and aggregated to achieve better performance than the one achieved by individual local models. Federated learning may help build better models, providing more accurate predictions. There are two types of measures to assess how well a model performs: discrimination and calibration. While most papers report discrimination measures, calibration has often been neglected but it is a critical metric for evaluation. In this dissertation, I show a novel way to build classifiers and calibration models in a federated manner. I also show how I can evaluate and improve model calibration in this manner. Federated modeling enables the accumulation of knowledge and information that are otherwise locked behind local medical systems

A Secure Healthcare 5.0 System Based on Blockchain Technology Entangled with Federated Learning Technique

In recent years, the global Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) industry has evolved at a tremendous speed. Security and privacy are key concerns on the IoMT, owing to the huge scale and deployment of IoMT networks. Machine learning (ML) and blockchain (BC) technologies have significantly enhanced the capabilities and facilities of healthcare 5.0, spawning a new area known as "Smart Healthcare." By identifying concerns early, a smart healthcare system can help avoid long-term damage. This will enhance the quality of life for patients while reducing their stress and healthcare costs. The IoMT enables a range of functionalities in the field of information technology, one of which is smart and interactive health care. However, combining medical data into a single storage location to train a powerful machine learning model raises concerns about privacy, ownership, and compliance with greater concentration. Federated learning (FL) overcomes the preceding difficulties by utilizing a centralized aggregate server to disseminate a global learning model. Simultaneously, the local participant keeps control of patient information, assuring data confidentiality and security. This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the findings on blockchain technology entangled with federated learning in healthcare. 5.0. The purpose of this study is to construct a secure health monitoring system in healthcare 5.0 by utilizing a blockchain technology and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect any malicious activity in a healthcare network and enables physicians to monitor patients through medical sensors and take necessary measures periodically by predicting diseases.Comment: 20 pages, 6 tables, 3 figure