261 research outputs found

    Enabling Technologies for Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications: From PHY and MAC Layer Perspectives

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    © 1998-2012 IEEE. Future 5th generation networks are expected to enable three key services-enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). As per the 3rd generation partnership project URLLC requirements, it is expected that the reliability of one transmission of a 32 byte packet will be at least 99.999% and the latency will be at most 1 ms. This unprecedented level of reliability and latency will yield various new applications, such as smart grids, industrial automation and intelligent transport systems. In this survey we present potential future URLLC applications, and summarize the corresponding reliability and latency requirements. We provide a comprehensive discussion on physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer techniques that enable URLLC, addressing both licensed and unlicensed bands. This paper evaluates the relevant PHY and MAC techniques for their ability to improve the reliability and reduce the latency. We identify that enabling long-term evolution to coexist in the unlicensed spectrum is also a potential enabler of URLLC in the unlicensed band, and provide numerical evaluations. Lastly, this paper discusses the potential future research directions and challenges in achieving the URLLC requirements

    Unlocking Unlicensed Band Potential to Enable URLLC in Cloud Robotics for Ubiquitous IoT

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    Cloud robotics (CR) support extremely high reliability and low-latency communications in ubiquitous Internet of Things applications. However, many of those applications currently rely on wired connection, limiting their use within the confines of Ethernet/optical links. Some wireless solutions such as Wi-Fi have been considered, but failed to meet the stringent criteria for latency and outage. On the other hand, cellular technology possesses expensive licensing. Thus, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is actively working on New Radio in the unlicensed band for incorporating ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) into fifth generation and beyond communication networks. In this article, we aim to study the feasibility of URLLC in an unlicensed band specifically for CR applications. We open up various use cases and opportunities offered by the unlicensed band in achieving latency and reliability constraints for robotics applications. We then review the regulatory requirements of unlicensed band operation imposed by 3GPP and explore its medium access challenges for CR due to the shared use of unstable wireless channels. Finally, we discuss the potential technology enablers to achieve URLLC using the unlicensed band for the ubiquitous CR applications

    Towards 6G in-X subnetworks with sub-millisecond communication cycles and extreme reliability

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    A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTERNET OF THINGS WAVEFORMS FOR A DOD LOW EARTH ORBIT CUBESAT MESH NETWORK

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    The Department of Defense (DOD) requires the military to provide command and control during missions in locations where terrestrial communications infrastructure is unreliable or unavailable, which results in a high reliance on satellite communications (SATCOM). This is problematic because they use and consume more digital data in the operational environment. The DOD has several forms of data capable of meeting Internet of Things (IoT) transmission parameters that could be diversified onto an IoT network. This research assesses the potential for an IoT satellite constellation in Low Earth Orbit to provide an alternative, space-based communication platform to military units while offering increased overall SATCOM capacity and resiliency. This research explores alternative IoT waveforms and compatible transceivers in place of LoRaWAN for the NPS CENETIX Ortbial-1 CubeSat. The study uses a descriptive comparative research approach to simultaneously assess several variables. Five alternative waveforms—Sigfox, NB-IoT, LTE-M, Wi-sun, and Ingenu—are evaluated. NB-IoT, LTE-M, and Ingenu meet the threshold to be feasible alternatives to replace the LoRaWAN waveform in the Orbital-1 CubeSat. Six potential IoT transceivers are assessed as replacements. Two transceivers for the NB-IoT and LTE-M IoT waveforms and one transceiver from U-blox for the Ingenu waveform are assessed as compliant.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
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