The Green Campus Building's Rooftop Photovoltaic System Design Project

Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, whose major campus is in Cimahi City, is constructing a large-scale campus development, the size of which is directly proportionate to the quantity of energy consumed. This increase in electrical energy consumption can be minimized by utilizing environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to supply loads and reduce the use of existing energy from the grid (PT. PLN). This context supports a design proposal for the production of photovoltaic-based photovoltaic on the Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani campus, particularly in two buildings with exceptional roof potential. In this paper, the modeling carried out aims to help supply renewable energy-based electrical energy. The design of PV on Grid Installation Engineering in Buildings at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani carried out in this paper includes PV placement layout, PV construction, and simulation using PVsyst. The rooftop-type grid-connected PV is modeled in the Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology (FHST) Building and the Rectorate Building, which are composed of PV panels, inverters, and other supporting components. Grid PV design and simulation modeling on the roofs of FITKES and Rectorate Buildings resulted in a total installable PV capacity of 420 kWp, an annual average Performance Ratio of 80.6%, and an average potential energy output of 702 MWh/year. This energy potential is undoubtedly proposed to fulfill future electricity needs.  Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani yang terletak di Kota Cimahi, saat ini sedang dalam pembangunan kampus berskala besar dimana kegiatan masif ini akan berbanding lurus dengan besarnya konsumsi energi listrik yang digunakan. Kenaikan konsumsi energi listrik ini dapat diminimalisir dengan adanya pemanfaatan sumber energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan untuk menyuplai beban dan mengurangi penggunaan energi eksisting dari jaringan PT. PLN. Latar belakang tersebut mendorong suatu usulan desain pembuatan PLTS jenis berbasis fotovoltaik di kampus Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, khususnya di dua gedung yang memiliki potensi atap yang ideal. Dalam makalah ini, pemodelan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membantu suplai energi listrik berbasis energi terbarukan. Rancang Bangun Rekayasa Instalasi PV on Grid pada Gedung di Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani yang dilakukan dalam makalah ini meliputi tata letak penempatan PV, konstruksi PV, dan Simulasi dengan menggunakan PVsyst. PLTS terhubung jaringan jenis atap dimodelkan di Gedung Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan (FITKES) dan Gedung Rektorat yang disusun atas panel PV, inverter, dan komponen pendukung lainnya. Pemodelan desain dan simulasi PV On Grid telah dilakukan di atap Gedung FITKES dan Rektorat dengan menghasilkan total kapasitas PV yang dapat diinstal sebesar 420 kWp, dengan hasil Performance Ratio rata - rata tahunan sebesar 80,6% dan memiliki potensi output energi rata-rata mencapai 702 MWh/Tahu

Urbanisation and renewable energies in ASEAN: multi-disciplinary approaches to analysing past and future trends

By using multi-dimensional and comprehensive analyses, this thesis aims at providing harmonised targets, which not only follow the global trend of sustainable development but also serve the rapid economic and demographic growths in the developing countries. This thesis consists of four papers dealing with different challenges faced by Asian Emerging and Developing Countries (EMDCs) in the face of fast-approaching climate change and energy transition. The four papers can be divided into two main streams based on the research method applied. The first two essays employ decomposition and correlation methods to investigate long-term energy service demand and renewable energy developments. The last two essays turn to techno-socio-economic models with much attention to solar PV, a promising renewable energy type in most of Asian EMDCs. The relationship between urbanisation and renewable energy are explored throughout all articles of the thesis. Paper 1 + 2 conclude that urbanisation causes energy consumption increases drastically in Southeast Asian countries, but at the same time creates momentum for renewable energy development, especially in urban areas. Suggestions for combining urban and energy plans in policy design are provided to use urbanisation as a motivation for renewable energy development. Paper 3 estimates a techno-economic potential for rooftop PV and found evidence of a high-concentration of rooftop solar PV potentials in urban areas in Vietnam. Paper 4 conducts a socio-economic assessment to investigate Social Acceptance (SA) and Willingness To Pay (WTP) toward residential PV products in Vietnam. The results show that PV can be considered as a lifestyle product with much greater attention and intention to purchase from the public in urban areas. To assist policymakers in energy planning, Papers 1 + 2 provide decision support and innovative multilevel comparison tool, called the Impact Matrix. It is used for visualising factors comparison by placing considered factors in four quadrants of the matrix corresponding to four relative priority levels of policy focus requirements. The complex relationships between impact factors and energy demand and renewable energy changes can be explained by following the instruction in Paper 2. Paper 3 develops a cost-effective, accessible, transferable and scalable method for cost-potential assessment of decentralised solar rooftop PV in developing countries where limited resource availability. Adjusting the module efficiency corresponding to regional and household conditions has been implemented to improve the output accuracy. The simulation for rooftop PV market is made regarding different input assumptions and estimates of the effect of various policy designs, including changing the Feed-In Tariffs (FiTs), grid tariff, and technology development. In order to explore future rooftop PV adoption, paper 4 conducts empirical research focusing on discovering the differences between Social Acceptance (SA) and Willingness To Pay (WTP). This paper contributes to the literature of customer behaviour toward renewable energy by providing extended moderated mediation models to differentiate the distinctive roles of each influencing variable of SA and WTP. Policy advice is given to translate environmental interest and PV knowledge to higher SA and adopting action

Technical Performance of Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar PVs

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the technical performance of grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems deployed in five locations along the solar belt of Ghana, namely Sakumono, Wa, Bolgatanga, Kumasi, and Kintampo. These locations were selected based on their diverse environmental conditions, offering a representative sample for the study. The study utilized PVSyst software version 7.3 to simulate the performance of the PV systems for each location, using south orientation, which gives the best results in the tilted global irradiation across all locations. According to the simulation results, the average performance ratio for the five locations was 79.7%, indicating the PV systems' highly efficient utilization of the available solar energy. The average final yield, representing the actual energy output, was also measured to be 4.38 kWh/kWp/day for the studied locations.  This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of Ghana's grid-connected rooftop solar PV installations. The results underscore the significance of optimal system design and orientation, emphasizing the potential for substantial renewable energy generation. The insights obtained from this study can aid policymakers, investors, and solar energy stakeholders in making informed decisions to promote the widespread adoption of rooftop solar PV systems in the region

Clean Energy and Sustainable Development lab activity report, 2014-09-31 to 2015-12-31

The Clean Energy and Sustainable Development laboratory – CleanED – was established in December 2014 with support from USTH and French Embassy in Hanoi. In September 2015, CleanED lab counted five researchers from France and Vietnam, five doctoral fellows and two internationally qualified staff. This international and interdisciplinary research team gets the mission to contribute to the green growth of the energy sector in Vietnam. Its expertise ranges from engineering to public policy on:Natural resources characterization and managementBiomass and waste to energy conversion process technologiesEnergy systems optimization from smart grid to national plan

Solar energy utilization techniques, policies, potentials, progresses, challenges and recommendations in asean countries

Sustainable development goals not only contributes towards a clean environment but also towards better climatic conditions. Within Asia next to China and India, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are the actively developing countries in terms of economy and technologies. On the verge of achieving development, the ASEAN countries highly depend on fossil fuels for their energy needs. The ASEAN countries have taken visionary steps towards increasing the renewable energy mix with the conventional grid without hampering the ongoing development; this study presents the solar energy utilization policies, potential, progresses, and challenges adopted in ASEAN countries; furthermore, in these nations there is a huge potential of solar energy being located near the equator, therefore, they should focus on both solar to electrical and solar to thermal energy applications; however, in order to meet the peak demand and ensure the reliability of renewable energy like solar power, the development of advanced energy storage systems could be the key areas, and concrete efforts are required. Therefore, this article is a spotlight on government policies and goals focusing on energy potential, major progress in terms of energy storage and challenges in implementation of renewable energy systems in ASEAN countries; furthermore the recommended highlights on policies to accelerate the exploitation of renewable energy usage among the people are also discussed in detail, besides, the insights on reduction of carbon footprints over the next decade through incorporation of advanced energy storage systems. The issues discussed in this article will be helpful for exploring the desired energy storage systems and energy policies to be followed, which will eventually attract the stakeholders for small and medium-scale entrepreneurs for the development of renewable energy business in the region, if implemented on the ground

Tool-based renewable energy system planning using survey data: A case study in rural Vietnam

Renewable energies provide effective sustainable development by raising living standards, accelerating economic growth, and mitigating pollution. However, specifically in developing countries, the lack of information, data, and local expertise challenges the design process and long-term success of renewable energy systems. Following the call for inter-disciplinary, solution-oriented research, this work uses a design science research-approach to facilitate multi-energy planning. The decision support system NESSI4D is developed, which considers site-specific economic, environmental, technological, and social factors and is tuned for stakeholder needs in developing countries. Following a step-by-step process model manual, the artifact’s applicability is demonstrated in a use case for a rural community in Thua Thien-Hue, Vietnam. Missing load data are synthesized from the TVSEP with the software RAMP. The results show that the implementation of renewable energy technologies only enables affordable, low-emission electrification with governmental financial incentives. Several sensitivity tests illustrate the impact of changing assumptions and highlight the importance of detailed analyses with highly specialized tools. The demonstrating use case validates the method’s relevance for research and practice towards the goals of effective sustainable development

Assessing the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of floating solar power generation on water reservoirs in Vietnam

Vietnam has been developing an energy path involving increased renewable energy use. With over 7,000 existing water reservoirs, Vietnam has great potential to install floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) plants that will protect productive lands, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce water evaporation rates. This study investigates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of installing FPV in three reservoirs in Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Tri An, and Dau Tieng. The capacities of the FPV plants assessed for three reservoirs range from 96 MW to 4,300 MW. The yearly solar generation from the three reservoirs ranges from 900 GWh to 13,700 GWh, and investment costs range from 690 to 10.3 billion USD, dependent on the reservoir size and FPV area coverage of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The payback period of the FPV systems at the three reservoirs could range from 6 to 14 years. The estimated Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for Hoa Binh reservoir’s FPV system ranges from $50 to$95/MWh, while the other two reservoirs’ LCOEs range from $40 to$70/MWh. These systems could supply 4% of Vietnam’s predicted 2025 energy demand and would avoid approximately 11 million tons of CO2e emissions per year. The shading provided by the FPV systems can save up to 136 million m3 of water annually. If the water savings are coupled with hydropower on Hoa Binh and Tri An Reservoir, the whole facility could generate an additional 12 GWh per year. Future study should include more in-depth research into factors such as the impact of substation upgrade costs, variable interest rates, and economies of scale on project economics; environmental impacts such as changes in hydropower operation on aquatic life; and human social and economic displacement due to FPV infrastructure land and water occupation

Application of Alternative Energy Sources as A Sustainable Strategy in Sri Lanka: Cases Review

This research aims to assess the feasibility and applicability of sustainable energy models for Sri Lanka by analyzing three successful case studies from different regions. The methodology involves examining solar PV installations in Iran's Lut Desert, rooftop solar PV projects in India, and combining floating solar panels with hydropower in various countries. The findings indicate that each case study offers unique advantages, with the potential for solar PV projects to address urban energy needs in Sri Lanka. The twinning of floating solar panels with hydropower also shows promise, leveraging the country's water resources. This study highlights the importance of tailored approaches and diversified sustainable energy projects for Sri Lanka, considering its distinctive characteristics. Keywords: Alternative Energy Sources in Sri Lanka; Rooftop Solar Power; Green and Sustainable Energy; Rent-a-Roof Project; Twinning Floating Solar and HydropowerPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kelayakan dan aplikabilitas model energi berkelanjutan bagi Sri Lanka dengan menganalisis tiga studi kasus sukses dari berbagai wilayah. Metodologi melibatkan pemeriksaan instalasi panel surya PV di Gurun Lut Iran, proyek panel surya atap di India, dan penggabungan panel surya mengapung dengan pembangkit listrik tenaga air di berbagai negara. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa setiap studi kasus menawarkan keuntungan unik, dengan potensi proyek panel surya PV untuk mengatasi kebutuhan energi perkotaan di Sri Lanka. Penggabungan panel surya mengapung dengan pembangkit listrik tenaga air juga menunjukkan potensi, memanfaatkan sumber daya air negara ini. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan yang disesuaikan dan proyek energi berkelanjutan yang beragam bagi Sri Lanka, dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik khasnya. Kata Kunci: Sumber Energi Alternatif di Sri Lanka; Tenaga Surya Atap; Energi Hijau dan Berkelanjutan; Proyek Rent-a-Roof; Tumbling Tenaga Surya Terapung dan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Ai

GIS and Remote Sensing for Renewable Energy Assessment and Maps

This book aims at providing the state-of-the-art on all of the aforementioned tools in different energy applications and at different scales, i.e., urban, regional, national, and even continental for renewable scenarios planning and policy making