Energy Aware Negotiation Based Data Dissemination Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2005Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2005Düşük maliyetli cihazların geliştirilmesi ile telsiz duyarga ağları için yapılan uygulamaların sayısı da artmıştır. Bu küçük cihazların duyma, işleme ve iletişim birimleri vardır. Sınırlı güç kaynakları ile iletişim mesafeleri kısadır. Bu sınırlar yüzünden telsiz duyarga ağlarının bütün katmanlarında enerji yönetimi ve hata bağışıklığı düşünülmelidir. Bu tezde ağ katmanı düşünülmüştür. Tasarsız ağlar ve telsiz duyarga ağları için bir çok yönlendirme protokolü tanımlanmıştır. Duyarga ağlar, tasarsız ağların bir çeşidi olmasına rağmen, tasarsız ağlar için düşünülmüş olan bazı protokoller telsiz duyarga ağları için uygun değildir, çünkü telsiz duyarga ağları veri merkezlidir. Bu tezde enerjinin farkında bir veri yayma protokolü tanımlanmıştır. SPIN temel olarak alınmış ve üzerine yönlendirme sırasında maliyetin düşünüldüğü, EAR protokolündekine benzer bir mekanizma getirilmiştir. Sonuçlar bu yöntemin toplam enerji kullanımını azalttığını ve ağın ömrünü uzattığını göstermiştir.Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications are increased with development of low-cost devices. These tiny sensor nodes have sensing, data processing, and communication units. They have limited power and can communicate in short distances. Because of the limitations of these nodes, energy management and fault tolerance must be thought in all communication layers of sensor networks. In this thesis, network layer issues of a WSN are considered. There are lots of routing protocols for Ad-hoc networks and WSN. Although sensor networks are some kind of Ad-hoc networks, some protocols for Ad-hoc networks are not suitable for WSN, because WSNs are data-centric. In this thesis an energy aware fault tolerant data dissemination protocol called EA-SPIN (Energy Aware SPIN) is introduced for sensor networks. It is based on SPIN (Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation) protocol, but it has also a multi-hop cost effective routing mechanism, which is similar to EAR (Energy Aware Routing). The experimental results show that the proposed protocol can reduce total energy consumption and increase the network lifetime.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

AWARE: Platform for Autonomous self-deploying and operation of Wireless sensor-actuator networks cooperating with unmanned AeRial vehiclEs

This paper presents the AWARE platform that seeks to enable the cooperation of autonomous aerial vehicles with ground wireless sensor-actuator networks comprising both static and mobile nodes carried by vehicles or people. Particularly, the paper presents the middleware, the wireless sensor network, the node deployment by means of an autonomous helicopter, and the surveillance and tracking functionalities of the platform. Furthermore, the paper presents the first general experiments of the AWARE project that took place in March 2007 with the assistance of the Seville fire brigades

A reliable and resource aware framework for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

Distinctive from traditional wireless ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprise a large number of low-cost miniaturized nodes each acting autonomously and equipped with short-range wireless communication mechanism, limited memory, processing power, and a physical sensing capability. Since sensor networks are resource constrained in terms of power, bandwidth and computational capability, an optimal system design radically changes the performance of the sensor network. Here, a comprehensive information dissemination scheme for wireless sensor networks is performed. Two main research issues are considered: (1) a collaborative flow of information packet/s from the source to sink and (2) energy efficiency of the sensor nodes and the entire system. For the first issue, we designed and evaluated a reactive and on-demand routing paradigm for distributed sensing applications. We name this scheme as IDLF-Information Dissemination via Label ForwarDing IDLF incorporates point to point data transmission where the source initiates the routing scheme and disseminates the information toward the sink (destination) node. Prior to transmission of actual data packet/s, a data tunnel is formed followed by the source node issuing small label information to its neighbors locally. These labels are in turn disseminated in the network. By using small size labels, IDLF avoids generation of unnecessary network traffic and transmission of duplicate packets to nodes. To study the impact of node failures and to improve the reliability of the network, we developed another scheme which is an extension to IDLF. This new scheme, RM-IDLF - Reliable Multipath Information dissemination by Label Forwarding, employ an alternate disjoint path. This alternate path scheme (RM-IDLF) may have a higher path cost in terms of energy consumption, but is more reliable in terms of data packet delivery to sink than the single path scheme (IDLF). In the latter scheme, the protocol establishes multiple (alternate) disjoint path/s from source to destination with negligible control overhead to balance load due to heavy data traffic among intermediate nodes from source to the destination. Another point of interest in this framework is the study of trade-offs between the achieved routing reliability using multiple disjoint path routing and extra energy consumption due to the use of additional path/s. Also, the effect of the failed nodes on the network performance is evaluated within the sensor system; Performance of the label dissemination scheme is evaluated and compared with the classic flooding and SPIN. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Research Challenges

A wireless sensor network is a large collection of sensor nodes with limited power supply and constrained computational capability. Due to the restricted communication range and high density of sensor nodes, packet forwarding in sensor networks is usually performed through multi-hop data transmission. Therefore, routing in wireless sensor networks has been considered an important field of research over the past decade. Nowadays, multipath routing approach is widely used in wireless sensor networks to improve network performance through efficient utilization of available network resources. Accordingly, the main aim of this survey is to present the concept of the multipath routing approach and its fundamental challenges, as well as the basic motivations for utilizing this technique in wireless sensor networks. In addition, we present a comprehensive taxonomy on the existing multipath routing protocols, which are especially designed for wireless sensor networks. We highlight the primary motivation behind the development of each protocol category and explain the operation of different protocols in detail, with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper compares and summarizes the state-of-the-art multipath routing techniques from the network application point of view. Finally, we identify open issues for further research in the development of multipath routing protocols for wireless sensor networks