Nostolaitteen dynaaminen kokonaismalli ja sen käyttö älypalveluiden työvälineenä

Finnish metal and engineering industry is on the verge of a paradigm shift towards a service business approach, which means selling products bundled with related services. A more extreme approach of this is a manufacturer selling services and taking responsi-bility of the customer’s entire process, including such things as condition monitoring, maintenance and spare parts. These new ways of thinking require new tools and new ways of using existing tools. Simulation has been a powerful and versatile tool in the realm of mechanical engi-neering for a long time. The advances in computer technology are making it ever more effective and useful. There are many existing simulation applications and new ones are being developed all the time. This thesis examines the uses for simulation as a tool for the industrial services. That means mating these two subjects, giving the industrial services more intellect through the use of simulation and thereby making them ‘smart’ services. The thesis is divided into two parts. First, in the theory part current uses of simula-tion are examined and examples of present day simulation applications presented. Then a simulation model of a lifting device based on a case company’s product is built and used to demonstrate possible uses for simulation as a tool for smart services. The research shows that it is possible to use simulation as a tool in several service potential areas with the simulation applications supporting each other. A single model built to be a general representation of the object of modeling, for example by using the method of physical modeling, can be used in many different ways and as a tool for sev-eral services. The use of simulation models would be enhanced by seeing them as a part of a product’s life cycle and by planning their building and use accordingly.Suomalainen metalli- ja koneteollisuus on muuttamassa liiketoimintamallejaan kohti palveluliiketoimintaa. Teollisuuden palvelumalleihin kuuluu elinkaaripalveluiden tarjoaminen tuoteen lisäksi tai äärimmilleen vietynä palvelun myyminen tuotteen sijaan. Valmistaja saattaa ottaa vastuulleen asiakkaan koko prosessin ja siihen liittyvät palvelut, kuten kunnonvalvonnan, huollon ja varaosat. Tällaiset uudet liiketoimintamallit vaativat uusia työvälineitä. Simulaatio on ollut koneteollisuudelle tehokas ja monipuolinen työväline jo kauan. Tietotekniikan kehittyminen tekee simulaation käytöstä jatkuvasti tehokkaampaa ja käytännöllisempää. Käytössä on laaja kirjo simulaatiosovelluksia ja uusia kehitetään. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan simulaation käyttömahdollisuuksia teollisuuden palveluliiketoiminnan työvälineenä, mikä tarkoittaa näiden kahden alueen yhdistämistä. Teollisuuden palveluille pyritään antamaan lisää älyä. Diplomityö jakautuu kahteen osaan. Aluksi teoariaosuudessa tarkastellaan simulaation käyttöä nykypäivän teollisuudessa ja esitetään joitakin esimerkkejä. Tämän jälkeen rakennetaan simulaatiomalli case-yrityksen nostolaitteesta ja käytetään sitä esittelemään mahdollisia käyttötapoja simulaatiolle älypalveluiden työvälineenä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että simulaatiota on mahdollista käyttää useissa teollisuuden palveluiden sovelluksissa, jotka tukevat toisiaan. Yksi malli, joka on rakennettu toistamaan mahdollisimman monenlaisia ilmiöitä, esimerkiksi käyttäen mallinnustapana fysikaalista mallinnusta, voi toimia monen eri älypalvelun työvälineenä. Simulaatiomallien käyttöä on mahdollista tehostaa hahmottamalla ne osana tuotteen elinkaarta ja suunnittelemalla niiden rakentaminen ja käyttö tämän perusteella

Smart Manufacturing

This book is a collection of 11 articles that are published in the corresponding Machines Special Issue “Smart Manufacturing”. It represents the quality, breadth and depth of the most updated study in smart manufacturing (SM); in particular, digital technologies are deployed to enhance system smartness by (1) empowering physical resources in production, (2) utilizing virtual and dynamic assets over the Internet to expand system capabilities, (3) supporting data-driven decision-making activities at various domains and levels of businesses, or (4) reconfiguring systems to adapt to changes and uncertainties. System smartness can be evaluated by one or a combination of performance metrics such as degree of automation, cost-effectiveness, leanness, robustness, flexibility, adaptability, sustainability, and resilience. This book features, firstly, the concepts digital triad (DT-II) and Internet of digital triad things (IoDTT), proposed to deal with the complexity, dynamics, and scalability of complex systems simultaneously. This book also features a comprehensive survey of the applications of digital technologies in space instruments; a systematic literature search method is used to investigate the impact of product design and innovation on the development of space instruments. In addition, the survey provides important information and critical considerations for using cutting edge digital technologies in designing and manufacturing space instruments

Living with MND: An Evaluation of Care Pathways Available to Adults with, and the Families or Carers of Adults with Motor Neurone Disease in Scotland

Main Findings Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a progressive condition that damages motor neurones, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity, in both the spinal cord and the brain. It can cause difficulty in walking and movement, talking, swallowing and breathing and many muscles in the body can become affected. To find out what it is like to live with MND from the perspective of those with the condition we carried out a longitudinal study in which we interviewed 40 people with MND and their partners a number of times over a two year period. We found that: Control, or more particularly the lack of it was the overarching theme that occurred throughout the interviews. People wanted to be consulted, informed and involved in decisions about their health and their social care and where this happened people were more likely to report satisfaction with the service. The diagnosis of MND is a long and protracted process, one that was for many a very distressing experience. 45% of those we spoke to took over 12 months for a diagnosis, 19% over 18 months. Participants had difficulty getting professionals to take their symptoms seriously and once they entered the neurology system many people experienced delays and often the diagnosis was not confirmed by a neurologist. Physical access to hospitals was in some cases difficult. Car parking and the location of the clinic often made it hard for people to get to a hospital appointment. Health professionals had an important role. Good professionals were those who took time to create a sense of teamwork with the person with MND and their family. This was less likely to happen with hospital consultants and where this did not people felt insecure and not listened to. There was also some evidence of poor communication between professionals and medical notes were often not shared between different professionals. Where people accessed general wards they were rarely treated well. Informal carers provided much of the social care and support for those with MND, with spouses meeting most of the need. Whilst many people were happy with this arrangement meeting the need placed a great deal of strain on the families. Many people did not want to rely on care supplied by outside agencies as they did not trust the quality or the reliability of the care and neither did they want their home overrun with people. Housing adaptations and the provision of aids to daily living were for many a great cause of stress and strain and many people felt that they were not involved in the decision making process, felt out of control and unable to influence the situation. The rapidly progressive nature of MND can exacerbate this problem. Social Care and support provided by local authorities was very heavily criticised. There were inconsistencies between services, people felt excluded from decisions made about their care and their care needs and people did not have access to the necessary information to make an informed choice about which services to access. Specialist Care Nurses (SCN) played a vital role in the care and support of those with MND. Not only do they provide help and support directly they also help to act as a champion for the family and coordinate services and service provision. This service is however under great strain and there are a significant number of people for whom this service is not working because the service was too stretched and the resources were not available to allow the SCN to meet their needs

Data Science, Data Visualization, and Digital Twins

Real-time, web-based, and interactive visualisations are proven to be outstanding methodologies and tools in numerous fields when knowledge in sophisticated data science and visualisation techniques is available. The rationale for this is because modern data science analytical approaches like machine/deep learning or artificial intelligence, as well as digital twinning, promise to give data insights, enable informed decision-making, and facilitate rich interactions among stakeholders.The benefits of data visualisation, data science, and digital twinning technologies motivate this book, which exhibits and presents numerous developed and advanced data science and visualisation approaches. Chapters cover such topics as deep learning techniques, web and dashboard-based visualisations during the COVID pandemic, 3D modelling of trees for mobile communications, digital twinning in the mining industry, data science libraries, and potential areas of future data science development

Volume II: Mining Innovation

Contemporary exploitation of natural raw materials by borehole, opencast, underground, seabed, and anthropogenic deposits is closely related to, among others, geomechanics, automation, computer science, and numerical methods. More and more often, individual fields of science coexist and complement each other, contributing to lowering exploitation costs, increasing production, and reduction of the time needed to prepare and exploit the deposit. The continuous development of national economies is related to the increasing demand for energy, metal, rock, and chemical resources. Very often, exploitation is carried out in complex geological and mining conditions, which are accompanied by natural hazards such as rock bursts, methane, coal dust explosion, spontaneous combustion, water, gas, and temperature. In order to conduct a safe and economically justified operation, modern construction materials are being used more and more often in mining to support excavations, both under static and dynamic loads. The individual production stages are supported by specialized computer programs for cutting the deposit as well as for modeling the behavior of the rock mass after excavation in it. Currently, the automation and monitoring of the mining works play a very important role, which will significantly contribute to the improvement of safety conditions. In this Special Issue of Energies, we focus on innovative laboratory, numerical, and industrial research that has a positive impact on the development of safety and exploitation in mining

Nondestructive Testing in Composite Materials

In this era of technological progress and given the need for welfare and safety, everything that is manufactured and maintained must comply with such needs. We would all like to live in a safe house that will not collapse on us. We would all like to walk on a safe road and never see a chasm open in front of us. We would all like to cross a bridge and reach the other side safely. We all would like to feel safe and secure when taking a plane, ship, train, or using any equipment. All this may be possible with the adoption of adequate manufacturing processes, with non-destructive inspection of final parts and monitoring during the in-service life of components. Above all, maintenance should be imperative. This requires effective non-destructive testing techniques and procedures. This Special Issue is a collection of some of the latest research in these areas, aiming to highlight new ideas and ways to deal with challenging issues worldwide. Different types of materials and structures are considered, different non-destructive testing techniques are employed with new approaches for data treatment proposed as well as numerical simulations. This can serve as food for thought for the community involved in the inspection of materials and structures as well as condition monitoring

Living with MND: An Evaluation of Care Pathways Available to Adults with, and the Families or Carers of Adults with Motor Neurone Disease in Scotland

Main Findings Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a progressive condition that damages motor neurones, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity, in both the spinal cord and the brain. It can cause difficulty in walking and movement, talking, swallowing and breathing and many muscles in the body can become affected. To find out what it is like to live with MND from the perspective of those with the condition we carried out a longitudinal study in which we interviewed 40 people with MND and their partners a number of times over a two year period. We found that: Control, or more particularly the lack of it was the overarching theme that occurred throughout the interviews. People wanted to be consulted, informed and involved in decisions about their health and their social care and where this happened people were more likely to report satisfaction with the service. The diagnosis of MND is a long and protracted process, one that was for many a very distressing experience. 45% of those we spoke to took over 12 months for a diagnosis, 19% over 18 months. Participants had difficulty getting professionals to take their symptoms seriously and once they entered the neurology system many people experienced delays and often the diagnosis was not confirmed by a neurologist. Physical access to hospitals was in some cases difficult. Car parking and the location of the clinic often made it hard for people to get to a hospital appointment. Health professionals had an important role. Good professionals were those who took time to create a sense of teamwork with the person with MND and their family. This was less likely to happen with hospital consultants and where this did not people felt insecure and not listened to. There was also some evidence of poor communication between professionals and medical notes were often not shared between different professionals. Where people accessed general wards they were rarely treated well. Informal carers provided much of the social care and support for those with MND, with spouses meeting most of the need. Whilst many people were happy with this arrangement meeting the need placed a great deal of strain on the families. Many people did not want to rely on care supplied by outside agencies as they did not trust the quality or the reliability of the care and neither did they want their home overrun with people. Housing adaptations and the provision of aids to daily living were for many a great cause of stress and strain and many people felt that they were not involved in the decision making process, felt out of control and unable to influence the situation. The rapidly progressive nature of MND can exacerbate this problem. Social Care and support provided by local authorities was very heavily criticised. There were inconsistencies between services, people felt excluded from decisions made about their care and their care needs and people did not have access to the necessary information to make an informed choice about which services to access. Specialist Care Nurses (SCN) played a vital role in the care and support of those with MND. Not only do they provide help and support directly they also help to act as a champion for the family and coordinate services and service provision. This service is however under great strain and there are a significant number of people for whom this service is not working because the service was too stretched and the resources were not available to allow the SCN to meet their needs

WEATHERING THE STORM: THE JOURNEY OF HEALING FROM SEXUAL TRAUMA

Individuals identifying as members of an underrepresented group face a higher risk of sexual violence (RAINN, 2020; Rosay, 2016; Smith et al., 2017). Encountering sexual violence is associated with physical and mental health issues that impact the wellbeing of survivors. Developing a theory to explain the healing responses to sexual trauma helps both survivors and those providing support gain knowledge about potentially transferable healing strategies. This grounded theory study was guided by a central question: what is the experience and process of surviving sexual trauma for individuals in underrepresented groups? Six adult survivors of sexual trauma identifying as members of an underrepresented group based on their gender identity, sexual orientation, racial identity, and disability identity were interviewed in two rounds. Results showed that survivors’ journey of healing from sexual trauma included the cycles of somatic, emotional, psychological, and behavioral responses. Social support in naming, normalizing and validating survivors’ experience helped them make a positive shift in their understanding of consent and name the sexual encounter as violence. Victim questioning, on the other hand, resulted in negative trauma responses prolonging the opportunity of experiencing internal moments of relief. Survivors’ ability to shift internalized blame to externalized blame had a critical role in their intentional attunement to healing responses. Moments of relief, both internal and external, were significant to helping survivors remain afloat as they weathered the recovery storm. Survivors identified their sociocultural contexts and socialization as foundational factors that shaped the power and privilege held by the survivors and their aggressors and that impacted their identity exploration and formation. The exploration and formation of their intersecting identities has helped participants to integrate their experience of sexual trauma into their authentic self, a healing response to sexual trauma. This grounded theory provides a framework to illustrate healing strategies from sexual trauma