44,037 research outputs found
Automatic normal orientation in point clouds of building interiors
Orienting surface normals correctly and consistently is a fundamental problem
in geometry processing. Applications such as visualization, feature detection,
and geometry reconstruction often rely on the availability of correctly
oriented normals. Many existing approaches for automatic orientation of normals
on meshes or point clouds make severe assumptions on the input data or the
topology of the underlying object which are not applicable to real-world
measurements of urban scenes. In contrast, our approach is specifically
tailored to the challenging case of unstructured indoor point cloud scans of
multi-story, multi-room buildings. We evaluate the correctness and speed of our
approach on multiple real-world point cloud datasets
Identification of magnetosonic modes in Galactic turbulence with synchrotron polarization
The equipartition of magnetic and thermal energy in the interstellar medium
(ISM) indicates the magneto-hydrodynamic nature of the interstellar turbulence,
which can be decomposed into three wave modes: Alfv\'en, fast and slow
magnetosonic modes\cite{Herlofson50,LG01,CL03}. Even for studies performed in
the case of subsonic turbulence, the magnetosonic modes have been revealed to
be more effective than the Alfv\'enic modes for processes such as cosmic ray
(CR) transport and acceleration \cite{YL04,Lynn14}. The multiphase nature of
ISM and diversity of driving mechanisms give rise to spatial variation of
turbulence properties. Nevertheless, the employed model of magneto-hydrodynamic
turbulence is often oversimplified being assumed to be only Alfv\'enic or even
hydrodynamic due to a lack of observational evidence. Here we report the
employment of our novel method, the signature from polarization analysis (SPA),
on unveiling the plasma modes in interstellar turbulence. Its application leads
to the first discovery of magnetosonic modes in the Cygnus X region. It is
found that the magnetosonic modes overlap to a high degree with Fermi cocoon,
consistent with theoretical expectations. Moreover, through comparison with the
spectrum at other wavelengths, the plasma modes of turbulence are unveiled in
active star formation zones. The SPA casts light on the plasma modes
composition of the Galactic turbulence, and marks the onset of a new era in the
study of interstellar turbulence and accordingly our understandings of relevant
processes including cosmic ray transport and star formation
Progressive refinement rendering of implicit surfaces
The visualisation of implicit surfaces can be an inefficient task when such surfaces are complex and highly detailed. Visualising a surface by first converting it to a
polygon mesh may lead to an excessive polygon count. Visualising a surface by direct ray casting is often a slow procedure. In this paper we present a progressive refinement renderer for implicit surfaces that are Lipschitz continuous. The renderer first displays a low resolution estimate of what the final image is going to be and, as the computation progresses, increases the quality of this estimate at an interactive frame rate. This renderer provides a quick previewing facility that significantly reduces the design cycle of a new and complex implicit surface. The renderer is also capable of completing an image faster than a conventional implicit surface rendering algorithm based on ray casting
On the Signatures of Gravitational Redshift: The Onset of Relativistic Emission Lines
Aims. We quantify the effect of gravitational redshift on emission lines to
explore the transition region from the Newtonian to the Einsteinian regime.
With the emitting region closer to the Kerr black hole, lines are successively
subjected to a stronger gravitationally induced shift and distortion. Simulated
lines are compared to broad, optical emission lines observed in Mrk 110.
Methods. We simulate relativistic emission line profiles by using Kerr ray
tracing techniques. Emitting regions are assumed to be thin equatorial rings in
stationary Keplerian rotation. The emission lines are characterised by a
generalized Doppler factor or redshift associated with the line core. Results.
With decreasing distance from the black hole, the gravitational redshift starts
to smoothly deviate from the Newtonian Doppler factor: Shifts of the line cores
reveal an effect at levels of 0.0015 to 60% at gravitational radii ranging from
10^{5} to 2. This corresponds to fully relativistic Doppler factors of 0.999985
to 0.4048. The intrinsic line shape distortion by strong gravity i.e. very
asymmetric lines occur at radii smaller than roughly ten gravitational radii.
Conclusions. Due to the asymptotical flatness of black hole space-time, GR
effects are ubiquitous and their onset can be tested observationally with
sufficient spectral resolution. With a resolving power of ~100000, yielding a
resolution of ~0.1 Angstroems for optical and near-infrared broad emission
lines like H\beta, HeII and Pa\alpha, the gravitational redshift can be probed
out to approximately 75000 gravitational radii. [abridged]Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Rendering techniques for multimodal data
Many different direct volume rendering methods have been developed to visualize 3D scalar fields on uniform rectilinear grids. However, little work has been done on rendering simultaneously various properties of the same 3D region measured with different registration devices or at different instants of time. The demand for this type of visualization is rapidly increasing in scientific applications such as medicine in which the visual integration of multiple modalities allows a better comprehension of the anatomy and a perception of its relationships with activity. This paper presents different strategies of Direct Multimodal Volume Rendering (DMVR). It is restricted to voxel models with a known 3D rigid alignment transformation. The paper evaluates at which steps of the render-ing pipeline must the data fusion be realized in order to accomplish the desired visual integration and to provide fast re-renders when some fusion parameters are modified. In addition, it analyzes how existing monomodal visualization al-gorithms can be extended to multiple datasets and it compares their efficiency and their computational cost.Postprint (published version
Development of a Computer Vision-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Volume-Change Measurement of Unsaturated Soils during Triaxial Testing
Problems associated with unsaturated soils are ubiquitous in the U.S., where expansive and collapsible soils are some of the most widely distributed and costly geologic hazards. Solving these widespread geohazards requires a fundamental understanding of the constitutive behavior of unsaturated soils. In the past six decades, the suction-controlled triaxial test has been established as a standard approach to characterizing constitutive behavior for unsaturated soils. However, this type of test requires costly test equipment and time-consuming testing processes. To overcome these limitations, a photogrammetry-based method has been developed recently to measure the global and localized volume-changes of unsaturated soils during triaxial test. However, this method relies on software to detect coded targets, which often requires tedious manual correction of incorrectly coded target detection information. To address the limitation of the photogrammetry-based method, this study developed a photogrammetric computer vision-based approach for automatic target recognition and 3D reconstruction for volume-changes measurement of unsaturated soils in triaxial tests. Deep learning method was used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of coded target recognition. A photogrammetric computer vision method and ray tracing technique were then developed and validated to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of soil specimen
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