Label-free biosensors for the detection and quantification of cardiovascular risk markers

This paper presents a biosensor implementation for the detection of protein molecules using specific antibodies. Affinity sensors allow the detection and quantification of target molecules in complex mixtures by affinity-based interactions. Immobilized antibody molecules are the probes that bind to specific protein molecules (targets) in biological fluids. In this study, inter-digitated electrodes in the form of capacitance on glass slide were designed, fabricated and used to measure the changes in the dielectric properties of the inter-digitated capacitances. Our results in this study present that with a careful design of micro-interdigitated capacitors, a wider dynamic range and higher sensitivity can be achieved for the detection and quantification of C-Reeactive Protein

Determination of Stray Inductance of Low-Inductive Laminated Planar Multiport Busbars Using Vector Synthesis Method

Laminated busbars connect capacitors with switching power modules, and they are designed to have low stray inductance to minimize electromagnetic interference. Attempts to accurately measure the stray inductance of these busbars have not been successful. The challenge lies with the capacitors, as they excite the busbar producing their individual stray inductances. These individual stray inductances cannot be arithmetically averaged to establish the total stray inductance that applies when all the capacitors excite the busbar at the same time. It is also not possible to measure the stray inductance by simultaneous excitation of each capacitor port using impedance analyzers. This paper presents a solution to the above dilemma. A vector synthesis method is proposed, whereby the individual stray inductance from each capacitor port is measured using an impedance analyzer. Each stray inductance is then mapped into an xyz frame with a distinct direction. This mapping exercise allows the data to be vectored. The total stray inductance is then the sum of all the vectors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a busbar designed for H-bridge inverters by comparing the simulation and practical results. The absolute error of the total stray inductance between the simulation and the proposed method is 0.48 nH. The proposed method improves the accuracy by 14.9% compared to the conventional technique in measuring stray inductances