Mobile Networks

The growth in the use of mobile networks has come mainly with the third generation systems and voice traffic. With the current third generation and the arrival of the 4G, the number of mobile users in the world will exceed the number of landlines users. Audio and video streaming have had a significant increase, parallel to the requirements of bandwidth and quality of service demanded by those applications. Mobile networks require that the applications and protocols that have worked successfully in fixed networks can be used with the same level of quality in mobile scenarios. Until the third generation of mobile networks, the need to ensure reliable handovers was still an important issue. On the eve of a new generation of access networks (4G) and increased connectivity between networks of different characteristics commonly called hybrid (satellite, ad-hoc, sensors, wired, WIMAX, LAN, etc.), it is necessary to transfer mechanisms of mobility to future generations of networks. In order to achieve this, it is essential to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of current protocols and the diverse topologies to suit the new mobility conditions

Performance Optimization and Dynamics Control for Large-scale Data Transfer in Wide-area Networks

Transport control plays an important role in the performance of large-scale scientific and media streaming applications involving transfer of large data sets, media streaming, online computational steering, interactive visualization, and remote instrument control. In general, these applications have two distinctive classes of transport requirements: large-scale scientific applications require high bandwidths to move bulk data across wide-area networks, while media streaming applications require stable bandwidths to ensure smooth media playback. Unfortunately, the widely deployed Transmission Control Protocol is inadequate for such tasks due to its performance limitations. The purpose of this dissertation is to conduct rigorous analytical study of the design and performance of transport solutions, and develop an integrated transport solution in a systematical way to overcome the limitations of current transport methods. One of the primary challenges is to explore and compose a set of feasible route options with multiple constraints. Another challenge essentially arises from the randomness inherent in wide-area networks, particularly the Internet. This randomness must be explicitly accounted for to achieve both goodput maximization and stabilization over the constructed routes by suitably adjusting the source rate in response to both network and host dynamics.The superior and robust performance of the proposed transport solution is extensively evaluated in a simulated environment and further verified through real-life implementations and deployments over both Internet and dedicated connections under disparate network conditions in comparison with existing transport methods

Satellite integration in 5G : contribution on network architectures and traffic engineering solutions for hybrid satellite-terrestrial mobile backhauling

The recent technological advances in the satellite domain such as the use of High Throughput Satellites (HTS) with throughput rates that are magnitudes higher than with previous ones, or the use of large non- Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites constellations, etc, are reducing the price per bit and enhancing the Quality of Service (QoS) metrics such as latency, etc., changing the way that the capacity is being brought to the market and making it more attractive for other services such as satellite broadband communications. These new capabilities coupled with the advantages offered by satellite communications such as the unique wide-scale geographical coverage, inherent broadcast/multicast capabilities and highly reliable connectivity, anticipate new opportunities for the integration of the satellite component into the 5G ecosystem. One of the most compelling scenarios is mobile backhauling, where satellite capacity can be used to complement the terrestrial backhauling infrastructure, not only in hard to reach areas, but also for more efficient traffic delivery to Radio Access Network (RAN) nodes, increased resiliency and better support for fast, temporary cell deployments and moving cells. In this context, this thesis work focuses on achieving better satellite-terrestrial backhaul network integration through the development of Traffic Engineering (TE) strategies to manage in a better way the dynamically steerable satellite provisioned capacity. To do this, this thesis work first takes the steps in the definition of an architectural framework that enables a better satellite-terrestrial mobile backhaul network integration, managing the satellite capacity as a constituent part of a Software Defined Networking (SDN) -based TE for mobile backhaul network. Under this basis, this thesis work first proposes and assesses a model for the analysis of capacity and traffic management strategies for hybrid satellite-terrestrial mobile backhauling networks that rely on SDN for fine-grained traffic steering. The performance analysis is carried out in terms of capacity gains that can be achieved when the satellite backhaul capacity is used for traffic overflow, taking into account the placement of the satellite capacity at different traffic aggregation levels and considering a spatial correlation of the traffic demand. Later, the thesis work presents the development of SDN-based TE strategies and algorithms that exploits the dynamically steerable satellite capacity provisioned for resilience purposes to better utilize the satellite capacity by maximizing the network utility under both failure and non-failure conditions in some terrestrial links, under the consideration of elastic, inelastic and unicast and multicast traffic. The performance analysis is carried out in terms of global network utility, fairness and connexion rejection rates compared to non SDN-based TE applications. Finally, sustained in the defined architectural framework designs, the thesis work presents an experimental Proof of Concept (PoC) and validation of a satellite-terrestrial backhaul links integration solution that builts upon SDN technologies for the realization of End-to-End (E2E) TE applications in mobile backhauling networks with a satellite component, assessing the feasibility of the proposed SDN-based integration solution under a practical laboratory setting that combines the use of commercial, experimentation-oriented and emulation equipment and software.Los recientes avances tecnológicos en el dominio de los satélites, como el uso de satélites de alto rendimiento (HTS) con tasas de rendimiento que son magnitudes más altas que los anteriores, o el uso de grandes constelaciones de satélites de órbita no geoestacionaria (GEO), etc. están reduciendo el precio por bit y mejorando las métricas de Calidad de Servicio (QoS) como la latencia, etc., cambiando la forma en que la capacidad se está llevando al mercado, y haciéndola más atractiva para otros servicios como las comunicaciones de banda ancha por satélite. Estas nuevas capacidades, junto con las ventajas ofrecidas por las comunicaciones por satélite, como la cobertura geográfica a gran escala, las inherentes capacidades de difusión / multidifusión y la conectividad altamente confiable, anticipan nuevas oportunidades para la integración de la componente satelital al ecosistema 5G. Uno de los escenarios más atractivos es el backhauling móvil, donde la capacidad del satélite se puede usar para complementar la infraestructura de backhauling terrestre, no solo en áreas de difícil acceso, sino también para la entrega de tráfico de manera más eficiente a los nodos de la Red de Acceso (RAN), una mayor resiliencia y mejor soporte para implementaciones rápidas y temporales de células, así como células en movimiento. En este contexto, este trabajo de tesis se centra en lograr una mejor integración de la red híbrida de backhaul satélital-terrestre, a través del desarrollo de estrategias de ingeniería de tráfico (TE) para gestionar de una mejor manera la capacidad dinámicamente orientable del satélite. Para hacer esto, este trabajo de tesis primero toma los pasos en la definición de un marco de arquitectura que permite una mejor integración de una red híbrida satelital-terrestre de backhaul móvil, gestionando la capacidad del satélite como parte constitutiva de un TE basado en Software Defined Networking (SDN). Bajo esta base, este trabajo de tesis primero propone y evalúa un modelo para el análisis de la capacidad y las estrategias de gestión del tráfico para redes híbridas satelital-terrestre de backhaul móvil basadas en SDN para la dirección de tráfico. El análisis de rendimiento se lleva a cabo en términos de aumento de capacidad que se puede lograr cuando la capacidad de la red de backhaul por satélite se utiliza para el desborde de tráfico, teniendo en cuenta la ubicación de la capacidad del satélite en diferentes niveles de agregación de tráfico y considerando una correlación espacial de la demanda de tráfico. Posteriormente, el trabajo de tesis presenta el desarrollo de estrategias y algoritmos de TE basados en SDN que explotan la capacidad dinámicamente orientable del satelite, provista con fines de resiliencia para utilizar de mejor manera la capacidad satelital al maximizar la utilidad de red en condiciones de falla y no falla en algunos enlaces terrestres, y bajo la consideración de tráfico elástico, inelástico y de unidifusión y multidifusión. El análisis de rendimiento se lleva a cabo en términos de tasas de rechazo, de utilidad, y equidad en comparación con las aplicaciones de TE no basadas en SDN. Finalmente, basado en la definición del diseño de marco de arquitectura, el trabajo de tesis presenta una Prueba de concepto (PoC) experimental y la validación de una solución de integración de enlaces de backhaul satelital-terrestre que se basa en las tecnologías SDN para la realización de aplicaciones de TE de extremo a extremo (E2E) en redes de backhaul móviles, evaluando la viabilidad de la solución propuesta de integración basada en SDN en un entorno práctico de laboratorio que combina el uso de equipos y software comerciales, orientados a la experimentación y emulación.Postprint (published version

Performance analysis of a proposed hybrid optical network

This dissertation discusses a novel Hybrid Optical Network (HON) that can provide service differentiation based on traffic characteristics (i.e., packet, burst, and long-lived flow) with QoS guarantee not only in network layer, but also in physical layer. The DHON consists of sophisticated edge-nodes, which can classify, monitor, and dynamically adjust optical channels in the core layer as traffic variation. The edge nodes aggregate traffic, identifying end-to-end delay by ingress queuing delay or burst timeout. The network can estimate number of channels by arriving traffic intensity and distribution with estimated upper-bound delay. The core layer employs two parallel optical switches (OCS, OBS) in the same platform. Thanks to the overflow system, the proposed network enhances utilization with fewer long distance premium channels. The premium channel can quickly handle burst traffic without new channel assignment. With less overprovisioning capacity design, the premium channel enhances utilization and decrease number of costly premium channels. This research also proposes mathematic models to represent particular DHON channels (i.e., circuit, packet, and burst). We employ method of moments based on overflow theory to forecast irregular traffic pattern from circuit-based channel (i.e., M/M/c/c) to overflow channel, in which G/G/1 model based on Ph/Ph/1 matrix can represent the overflow channel. Moreover, secondary channel supports packet-based traffic over wavelength channel with two service classes: Class I based on delay sensitive traffic (i.e., long flow) and Class II for non-delay sensitive traffic (e.g., best effort). In addition, mixture of traffic in the wavelength channels is investigated based on M/G/1 and M/G/2 with specific service time distribution for particular class. Finally, we show our DHON based on (O-O-O) switching paradigm has improved the performance over typical (O-E-O) switching network architecture based on NSF topology

Cross-layer modeling and optimization of next-generation internet networks

Scaling traditional telecommunication networks so that they are able to cope with the volume of future traffic demands and the stringent European Commission (EC) regulations on emissions would entail unaffordable investments. For this very reason, the design of an innovative ultra-high bandwidth power-efficient network architecture is nowadays a bold topic within the research community. So far, the independent evolution of network layers has resulted in isolated, and hence, far-from-optimal contributions, which have eventually led to the issues today's networks are facing such as inefficient energy strategy, limited network scalability and flexibility, reduced network manageability and increased overall network and customer services costs. Consequently, there is currently large consensus among network operators and the research community that cross-layer interaction and coordination is fundamental for the proper architectural design of next-generation Internet networks. This thesis actively contributes to the this goal by addressing the modeling, optimization and performance analysis of a set of potential technologies to be deployed in future cross-layer network architectures. By applying a transversal design approach (i.e., joint consideration of several network layers), we aim for achieving the maximization of the integration of the different network layers involved in each specific problem. To this end, Part I provides a comprehensive evaluation of optical transport networks (OTNs) based on layer 2 (L2) sub-wavelength switching (SWS) technologies, also taking into consideration the impact of physical layer impairments (PLIs) (L0 phenomena). Indeed, the recent and relevant advances in optical technologies have dramatically increased the impact that PLIs have on the optical signal quality, particularly in the context of SWS networks. Then, in Part II of the thesis, we present a set of case studies where it is shown that the application of operations research (OR) methodologies in the desing/planning stage of future cross-layer Internet network architectures leads to the successful joint optimization of key network performance indicators (KPIs) such as cost (i.e., CAPEX/OPEX), resources usage and energy consumption. OR can definitely play an important role by allowing network designers/architects to obtain good near-optimal solutions to real-sized problems within practical running times

Design and performance evaluation of Wireless Multi-Protocol Label Switching (WMPLS)

Scope and Method of Study: The research presented in this document focuses on the design of a new protocol for high-speed wireless data communications. The primary goal of this new design is to overcome the limitations of its predecessors, while minimizing the needed resources and maximizing throughput and efficiency in its operations. Another important goal of the study is to provide a homogeneous protocol for wired and wireless networks in order to provide complete interoperability for overlay models and other protocols that can be designed on the basis of this work. The performance evaluation part of this document shows the areas in which improvement has been achieved over previous protocol implementations, and it also shows the areas in which further research is needed in order to improve the performance at least to the levels set by previous protocols.Findings and Conclusions: This study shows that a native wireless design and implementation of the Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) protocol provides improvements in the field of wireless data communications, providing a homogeneous platform for voice and data communication networks. The research is open for further improvements and modifications for services not contemplated in this document, and continuous developments should be conducted in order to obtain a working prototype of this proposal

Dynamic bandwidth allocation in multi-class IP networks using utility functions.

PhDAbstact not availableFujitsu Telecommunications Europe Lt

Analyse mathématique, méthode de calcul de la gigue et applications aux réseaux Internet

RÉSUMÉ Internet, ces dernières années, sert de support de communication à un grand nombre d’applications. L’évolution des réseaux à haut débit ont facilité le progrès des applications multimédia comme la voix sur IP, la vidéo streaming ou la vidéo interactive en temps réel... La variation de la disponibilité des ressources du réseau ne peut pas garantir une bonne qualité à tout moment pour ces services. C’est dans ce contexte que les travaux de ce projet de doctorat s’inscrivent et précisément dans le cadre de l’optimisation de la qualité de service (QoS). Les mécanismes de contrôle de QoS sont variés. On retrouve le contrôle de délai, assuré par la stratégie d’ordonnancement des paquets. Le contrôle de débit, quant à lui, fait en sorte que le débit de la source soit égal à la bande passante disponible dans le réseau. Excepté que les applications vidéo, surtout en temps réel, sont très sensibles à la variation du délai, appelée la gigue. En effet, la qualité perçue par les clients des vidéos en ligne dépend étroitement de la gigue. Une augmentation de la gigue engendre principalement des problèmes de démarrage retardé de la vidéo, des interruptions au cours de la vidéo et des distorsions de la résolution. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le paramètre de la gigue, qui demeure peu étudiée dans la littérature sur les réseaux IP, ainsi que d’envisager l’impact de l’augmentation de ce paramètre sur la vidéo transmise sur IP, l’une des applications les plus populaires de nos jours. Toutefois, au-delà des difficultés de la modélisation du trafic et du réseau, cet objectif majeur pose de nombreuses problématiques. Comment calculer la gigue analytiquement pour un trafic modélisé par des distributions généralisées au niveau paquet ? Est-ce que les modèles proposés sont suffisamment simples et faciles à calculer ? Comment intégrer ces nouvelles formalisations pour le contrôle des performances ? Comment l’estimation analytique peut- elle minimiser le trafic des paquets de contrôle des connexions vidéo? Nous explorons tout d’abord le calcul de la gigue dans des files d’attente avec des trafics autres que le trafic Poisson. Ce dernier est largement utilisé pour modéliser le trafic sur Internet étant donnée sa simplicité en échange de la imprécision. L’idée pour le calcul de la gigue est d’utiliser, d’une part la même formule que le cas du Poisson mais en intégrant d’autres distributions, et d’autre part des approximations et des hypothèses quand la caractérisation analytique du temps de transit n’est pas possible. Nous adoptons la simulation pour valider les modèles approximatifs. L’ensemble de simulations montre que la gigue moyenne calculée par notre modèle et celle obtenue par simulation coïncident avec des intervalles de confiance adéquats. De plus, le temps de calcul estimé pour évaluer la gigue est minime, ce qui facilite l’utilisation des formules proposées dans des outils de contrôle et en optimisation.-----------ABSTRACT In recent years, we have witnessed the huge use of the Internet Protocol for delivering multimedia trafic. Developments in broadband networks led the progress in multimedia applications such as voice over IP, video streaming or real-time videos. However, the stochastic nature of the networks, in particular mobile networks, make it difficult to maintain a good quality at all times. The research of this PhD thesis deals with the improvement of the quality of service (QoS) for this kind of applications. Current network protocols provide multiple QoS control mechanism. Congestion control and transmission delay optimization are provided by packet scheduling strategies and bandwidth planning. Moreover, flow control adjusts the mismatch between the video server rate and the receiver available bandwidth. Nevertheless, video applications, in particular interactive videos, are very sensitive to delay variation, commonly called jitter. Indeed, the customers’ perceived video quality depends on it. A jitter increase may cause a large video start-up delay, video interruptions and a decrease of image quality. The main objective of this thesis is the study of jitter, which is not much studied in the IP literature. We also examine the impact of the increase of this parameter on video transmission. However, beyond the difficulties of modeling traffic and network, this major objective raises many other issues. How to calculate jitter analytically for traffic models with general distributions? Are the proposed models sufficiently simple and easy to calculate? How to integrate these new formalizations into performance monitoring? How can the analytical estimate minimize the traffic control packets exchange for each video connection? We first explore the jitter calculation in queues with traffic other than Poisson traffic, that was widely used to model Internet traffic because of its simplicity. The idea is to compute jitter with the same formula for the Poisson traffic case, but with other distributions. For this, we need some approximations and assumptions when the analytical characterization of the transit time is not possible. We adopt simulations to validate the approximate models. The set of simulations shows that the average jitter calculated by our model and by simulation coincide within an appropriate confidence intervals. Moreover, the execution time to evaluate jitter is small, which facilitates the use of the proposed formulas in control tools and in optimization models. We then study the possibility of exploiting this analytical results to control jitter buffers, an important component in the video transmission. We find that it is possible to evaluate its performances analytically by estimating jitter inside this type of buffer