44 research outputs found

    A Survey of Partition-Based Techniques for Copy-Move Forgery Detection

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    A copy-move forged image results from a specific type of image tampering procedure carried out by copying a part of an image and pasting it on one or more parts of the same image generally to maliciously hide unwanted objects/regions or clone an object. Therefore, detecting such forgeries mainly consists in devising ways of exposing identical or relatively similar areas in images. This survey attempts to cover existing partition-based copy-move forgery detection techniques

    A Robust Face Recognition Algorithm for Real-World Applications

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    The proposed face recognition algorithm utilizes representation of local facial regions with the DCT. The local representation provides robustness against appearance variations in local regions caused by partial face occlusion or facial expression, whereas utilizing the frequency information provides robustness against changes in illumination. The algorithm also bypasses the facial feature localization step and formulates face alignment as an optimization problem in the classification stage

    A Panorama on Multiscale Geometric Representations, Intertwining Spatial, Directional and Frequency Selectivity

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    The richness of natural images makes the quest for optimal representations in image processing and computer vision challenging. The latter observation has not prevented the design of image representations, which trade off between efficiency and complexity, while achieving accurate rendering of smooth regions as well as reproducing faithful contours and textures. The most recent ones, proposed in the past decade, share an hybrid heritage highlighting the multiscale and oriented nature of edges and patterns in images. This paper presents a panorama of the aforementioned literature on decompositions in multiscale, multi-orientation bases or dictionaries. They typically exhibit redundancy to improve sparsity in the transformed domain and sometimes its invariance with respect to simple geometric deformations (translation, rotation). Oriented multiscale dictionaries extend traditional wavelet processing and may offer rotation invariance. Highly redundant dictionaries require specific algorithms to simplify the search for an efficient (sparse) representation. We also discuss the extension of multiscale geometric decompositions to non-Euclidean domains such as the sphere or arbitrary meshed surfaces. The etymology of panorama suggests an overview, based on a choice of partially overlapping "pictures". We hope that this paper will contribute to the appreciation and apprehension of a stream of current research directions in image understanding.Comment: 65 pages, 33 figures, 303 reference

    Face recognition by means of advanced contributions in machine learning

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    Face recognition (FR) has been extensively studied, due to both scientific fundamental challenges and current and potential applications where human identification is needed. FR systems have the benefits of their non intrusiveness, low cost of equipments and no useragreement requirements when doing acquisition, among the most important ones. Nevertheless, despite the progress made in last years and the different solutions proposed, FR performance is not yet satisfactory when more demanding conditions are required (different viewpoints, blocked effects, illumination changes, strong lighting states, etc). Particularly, the effect of such non-controlled lighting conditions on face images leads to one of the strongest distortions in facial appearance. This dissertation addresses the problem of FR when dealing with less constrained illumination situations. In order to approach the problem, a new multi-session and multi-spectral face database has been acquired in visible, Near-infrared (NIR) and Thermal infrared (TIR) spectra, under different lighting conditions. A theoretical analysis using information theory to demonstrate the complementarities between different spectral bands have been firstly carried out. The optimal exploitation of the information provided by the set of multispectral images has been subsequently addressed by using multimodal matching score fusion techniques that efficiently synthesize complementary meaningful information among different spectra. Due to peculiarities in thermal images, a specific face segmentation algorithm has been required and developed. In the final proposed system, the Discrete Cosine Transform as dimensionality reduction tool and a fractional distance for matching were used, so that the cost in processing time and memory was significantly reduced. Prior to this classification task, a selection of the relevant frequency bands is proposed in order to optimize the overall system, based on identifying and maximizing independence relations by means of discriminability criteria. The system has been extensively evaluated on the multispectral face database specifically performed for our purpose. On this regard, a new visualization procedure has been suggested in order to combine different bands for establishing valid comparisons and giving statistical information about the significance of the results. This experimental framework has more easily enabled the improvement of robustness against training and testing illumination mismatch. Additionally, focusing problem in thermal spectrum has been also addressed, firstly, for the more general case of the thermal images (or thermograms), and then for the case of facialthermograms from both theoretical and practical point of view. In order to analyze the quality of such facial thermograms degraded by blurring, an appropriate algorithm has been successfully developed. Experimental results strongly support the proposed multispectral facial image fusion, achieving very high performance in several conditions. These results represent a new advance in providing a robust matching across changes in illumination, further inspiring highly accurate FR approaches in practical scenarios.El reconeixement facial (FR) ha estat 脿mpliament estudiat, degut tant als reptes fonamentals cient铆fics que suposa com a les aplicacions actuals i futures on requereix la identificaci贸 de les persones. Els sistemes de reconeixement facial tenen els avantatges de ser no intrusius,presentar un baix cost dels equips d鈥檃dquisici贸 i no la no necessitat d鈥檃utoritzaci贸 per part de l鈥檌ndividu a l鈥檋ora de realitzar l'adquisici贸, entre les m茅s importants. De totes maneres i malgrat els aven莽os aconseguits en els darrers anys i les diferents solucions proposades, el rendiment del FR encara no resulta satisfactori quan es requereixen condicions m茅s exigents (diferents punts de vista, efectes de bloqueig, canvis en la il路luminaci贸, condicions de llum extremes, etc.). Concretament, l'efecte d'aquestes variacions no controlades en les condicions d'il路luminaci贸 sobre les imatges facials condueix a una de les distorsions m茅s accentuades sobre l'aparen莽a facial. Aquesta tesi aborda el problema del FR en condicions d'il路luminaci贸 menys restringides. Per tal d'abordar el problema, hem adquirit una nova base de dades de cara multisessi贸 i multiespectral en l'espectre infraroig visible, infraroig proper (NIR) i t猫rmic (TIR), sota diferents condicions d'il路luminaci贸. En primer lloc s'ha dut a terme una an脿lisi te貌rica utilitzant la teoria de la informaci贸 per demostrar la complementarietat entre les diferents bandes espectrals objecte d鈥檈studi. L'貌ptim aprofitament de la informaci贸 proporcionada pel conjunt d'imatges multiespectrals s'ha abordat posteriorment mitjan莽ant l'煤s de t猫cniques de fusi贸 de puntuaci贸 multimodals, capaces de sintetitzar de manera eficient el conjunt d鈥檌nformaci贸 significativa complement脿ria entre els diferents espectres. A causa de les caracter铆stiques particulars de les imatges t猫rmiques, s鈥檋a requerit del desenvolupament d鈥檜n algorisme espec铆fic per la segmentaci贸 de les mateixes. En el sistema proposat final, s鈥檋a utilitzat com a eina de reducci贸 de la dimensionalitat de les imatges, la Transformada del Cosinus Discreta i una dist脿ncia fraccional per realitzar les tasques de classificaci贸 de manera que el cost en temps de processament i de mem貌ria es va reduir de forma significa. Pr猫viament a aquesta tasca de classificaci贸, es proposa una selecci贸 de les bandes de freq眉猫ncies m茅s rellevants, basat en la identificaci贸 i la maximitzaci贸 de les relacions d'independ猫ncia per mitj脿 de criteris discriminabilitat, per tal d'optimitzar el conjunt del sistema. El sistema ha estat 脿mpliament avaluat sobre la base de dades de cara multiespectral, desenvolupada pel nostre prop貌sit. En aquest sentit s'ha suggerit l鈥櫭簊 d鈥檜n nou procediment de visualitzaci贸 per combinar diferents bandes per poder establir comparacions v脿lides i donar informaci贸 estad铆stica sobre el significat dels resultats. Aquest marc experimental ha perm猫s m茅s f脿cilment la millora de la robustesa quan les condicions d鈥檌l路luminaci贸 eren diferents entre els processos d鈥檈ntrament i test. De forma complement脿ria, s鈥檋a tractat la problem脿tica de l鈥檈nfocament de les imatges en l'espectre t猫rmic, en primer lloc, pel cas general de les imatges t猫rmiques (o termogrames) i posteriorment pel cas concret dels termogrames facials, des dels punt de vista tant te貌ric com pr脿ctic. En aquest sentit i per tal d'analitzar la qualitat d鈥檃quests termogrames facials degradats per efectes de desenfocament, s'ha desenvolupat un 煤ltim algorisme. Els resultats experimentals recolzen fermament que la fusi贸 d'imatges facials multiespectrals proposada assoleix un rendiment molt alt en diverses condicions d鈥檌l路luminaci贸. Aquests resultats representen un nou aven莽 en l鈥檃portaci贸 de solucions robustes quan es contemplen canvis en la il路luminaci贸, i esperen poder inspirar a futures implementacions de sistemes de reconeixement facial precisos en escenaris no controlats.Postprint (published version

    Feature Extraction Methods for Character Recognition

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