1,489 research outputs found
Deterministic continutation of stochastic metastable equilibria via Lyapunov equations and ellipsoids
Numerical continuation methods for deterministic dynamical systems have been
one of the most successful tools in applied dynamical systems theory.
Continuation techniques have been employed in all branches of the natural
sciences as well as in engineering to analyze ordinary, partial and delay
differential equations. Here we show that the deterministic continuation
algorithm for equilibrium points can be extended to track information about
metastable equilibrium points of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). We
stress that we do not develop a new technical tool but that we combine results
and methods from probability theory, dynamical systems, numerical analysis,
optimization and control theory into an algorithm that augments classical
equilibrium continuation methods. In particular, we use ellipsoids defining
regions of high concentration of sample paths. It is shown that these
ellipsoids and the distances between them can be efficiently calculated using
iterative methods that take advantage of the numerical continuation framework.
We apply our method to a bistable neural competition model and a classical
predator-prey system. Furthermore, we show how global assumptions on the flow
can be incorporated - if they are available - by relating numerical
continuation, Kramers' formula and Rayleigh iteration.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures [Fig.7 reduced in quality due to arXiv size
restrictions]; v2 - added Section 9 on Kramers' formula, additional
computations, corrected typos, improved explanation
Macroscopic modeling and simulations of room evacuation
We analyze numerically two macroscopic models of crowd dynamics: the
classical Hughes model and the second order model being an extension to
pedestrian motion of the Payne-Whitham vehicular traffic model. The desired
direction of motion is determined by solving an eikonal equation with density
dependent running cost, which results in minimization of the travel time and
avoidance of congested areas. We apply a mixed finite volume-finite element
method to solve the problems and present error analysis for the eikonal solver,
gradient computation and the second order model yielding a first order
convergence. We show that Hughes' model is incapable of reproducing complex
crowd dynamics such as stop-and-go waves and clogging at bottlenecks. Finally,
using the second order model, we study numerically the evacuation of
pedestrians from a room through a narrow exit.Comment: 22 page
A Self-Consistent Dynamical Model for the COBE Detected Galactic Bar
A 3D steady state stellar dynamical model for the Galactic bar is constructed
with 485 orbit building blocks using an extension of Schwarzschild technique.
The weights of the orbits are assigned using non-negative least square method.
The model fits the density profile of the COBE light distribution, the observed
solid body stellar rotation curve, the fall-off of minor axis velocity
dispersion and the velocity ellipsoid at Baade's window. We show that the model
is stable. Maps and tables of observable velocity moments are made for easy
comparisons with observation. The model can also be used to set up equilibrium
initial conditions for N-body simulations to study stability. The technique
used here can be applied to interpret high quality velocity data of external
bulges/bars and galactic nuclei.Comment: submitted to MNRAS; 37 page AAS latex file with 2 tables and no
figures; complete uuencoded compressed PS file with 9 figs is available at
ftp://ibm-1.mpa-garching.mpg.de/pub/hsz/cobe_bar_dynamics.uu Hardcopies are
available by reques
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