IP-Based Mobility Management and Handover Latency Measurement in heterogeneous environments

One serious concern in the ubiquitous networks is the seamless vertical handover management between different wireless technologies. To meet this challenge, many standardization organizations proposed different protocols at different layers of the protocol stack. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has different groups working on mobility at IP level in order to enhance mobile IPv4 and mobile IPv6 with different variants: HMIPv6 (Hierarchical Mobile IPv6), FMIPv6 (Fast Mobile IPv6) and PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) for seamless handover. Moreover, the IEEE 802.21 standard provides another framework for seamless handover. The 3GPP standard provides the Access Network and Selection Function (ANDSF) to support seamless handover between 3GPP – non 3GPP networks like Wi-Fi, considered as untrusted, and WIMAX considered as trusted networks. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of seamless vertical handover protocols and a handover latency comparison of the main mobility management approaches in the literature. The comparison shows the advantages and drawbacks of every mechanism in order to facilitate the adoption of the convenient one for vertical handover within Next Generation Network (NGN) environments. Keywords: Seamless vertical handover, mobility management protocols, IEEE 802.21 MIH, handover latenc

Handover management in mobile WiMAX using adaptive cross-layer technique

The protocol type and the base station (BS) technology are the main communication media between the Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication in vehicular networks. During high speed vehicle movement, the best communication would be with a seamless handover (HO) delay in terms of lower packet loss and throughput. Many studies have focused on how to reduce the HO delay during lower speeds of the vehicle with data link (L2) and network (L3) layers protocol. However, this research studied the Transport Layer (L4) protocol mobile Stream Control Transmission Protocol (mSCTP) used as an optimal protocol in collaboration with the Location Manager (LM) and Domain Name Server (DNS). In addition, the BS technology that performs smooth HO employing an adaptive algorithm in L2 to perform the HO according to current vehicle speed was also included in the research. The methods derived from the combination of L4 and the BS technology methods produced an Adaptive Cross-Layer (ACL) design which is a mobility oriented handover management scheme that adapts the HO procedure among the protocol layers. The optimization has a better performance during HO as it is reduces scanning delay and diversity level as well as support transparent mobility among layers in terms of low packet loss and higher throughput. All of these metrics are capable of offering maximum flexibility and efficiency while allowing applications to refine the behaviour of the HO procedure. Besides that, evaluations were performed in various scenarios including different vehicle speeds and background traffic. The performance evaluation of the proposed ACL had approximately 30% improvement making it better than the other handover solutions

Roaming Real-Time Applications - Mobility Services in IPv6 Networks

Emerging mobility standards within the next generation Internet Protocol, IPv6, promise to continuously operate devices roaming between IP networks. Associated with the paradigm of ubiquitous computing and communication, network technology is on the spot to deliver voice and videoconferencing as a standard internet solution. However, current roaming procedures are too slow, to remain seamless for real-time applications. Multicast mobility still waits for a convincing design. This paper investigates the temporal behaviour of mobile IPv6 with dedicated focus on topological impacts. Extending the hierarchical mobile IPv6 approach we suggest protocol improvements for a continuous handover, which may serve bidirectional multicast communication, as well. Along this line a multicast mobility concept is introduced as a service for clients and sources, as they are of dedicated importance in multipoint conferencing applications. The mechanisms introduced do not rely on assumptions of any specific multicast routing protocol in use.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Design of multi-homing architecture for mobile hosts

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis proposes a new multi-homing mobile architecture for future heterogeneous network environment. First, a new multi-homed mobile architecture called Multi Network Switching enabled Mobile IPv6 (MNS-MIP6) is proposed which enables a Mobile Node (MN) having multiple communication paths between itself and its Correspondent Node (CN) to take full advantage of being multi-homed. Multiple communication paths exist because MN, CN, or both are simultaneously attached to multiple access networks. A new sub layer is introduced within IP layer of the host’s protocol stack. A context is established between the MN and the CN. Through this context, additional IP addresses are exchanged between the two. Our MNS-MIP6 architecture allows one communication to smoothly switch from one interface/communication path to another. This switch remains transparent to other layers above IP. Second, to make communication more reliable in multi-homed mobile environments, a new failure detection and recovery mechanism called Mobile Reach ability Protocol (M-REAP) is designed within the proposed MNS-MIP6 architecture. The analysis shows that our new mechanism makes communication more reliable than the existing failure detection and recovery procedures in multi-homed mobile environments. Third, a new network selection mechanism is introduced in the proposed architecture which enables a multi-homed MN to choose the network best suited for particular application traffic. A Policy Engine is defined which takes parameters from iv the available networks, compares them according to application profiles and user preferences, and chooses the best network. The results show that in multi-homed mobile environment, load can be shared among different networks/interfaces through our proposed load sharing mechanism. Fourth, a seamless handover procedure is introduced in the system which enables multi-homed MN to seamlessly roam in a heterogeneous network environment. Layer 2 triggers are defined which assist in handover process. When Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) on a currently used active interface becomes low, a switch is made to a different active interface. We show through mathematical and simulation analysis that our proposed scheme outperforms the existing popular handover management enhancement scheme in MIPv6 networks namely Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6). Finally, a mechanism is introduced to allow legacy hosts to communicate with MNS-MIP6 MNs and gain the benefits of reliability, load sharing and seamless handover. The mechanism involves introducing middle boxes in CN’s network. These boxes are called Proxy-MNS boxes. Context is established between the middle boxes and a multi-homed MN

Handover based IMS registration scheme for next generation mobile networks

Next generation mobile networks aim to provide faster speed and more capacity along with energy efficiency to support video streaming and massive data sharing in social and communication networks. In these networks, user equipment has to register with IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS) which promises quality of service to the mobile users that frequently move across different access networks. After each handover caused due to mobility, IMS provides IPSec Security Association establishment and authentication phases. The main issue is that unnecessary reregistration after every handover results in latency and communication overhead. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a lightweight Fast IMS Mobility (FIM) registration scheme that avoids unnecessary conventional registration phases such as security associations, authentication, and authorization. FIM maintains a flag to avoid deregistration and sends a subsequent message to provide necessary parameters to IMS servers after mobility. It also handles the change of IP address for user equipment and transferring the security associations from old to new servers.We have validated the performance of FIM by developing a testbed consisting of IMS servers and user equipment. The experimental results demonstrate the performance supremacy of FIM. It reduces media disruption time, number of messages, and packet loss up to 67%, 100%, and 61%, respectively, as compared to preliminaries. © 2017 Shireen Tahira et al

Design of multi-homing architecture for mobile hosts

This thesis proposes a new multi-homing mobile architecture for future heterogeneous network environment. First, a new multi-homed mobile architecture called Multi Network Switching enabled Mobile IPv6 (MNS-MIP6) is proposed which enables a Mobile Node (MN) having multiple communication paths between itself and its Correspondent Node (CN) to take full advantage of being multi-homed. Multiple communication paths exist because MN, CN, or both are simultaneously attached to multiple access networks. A new sub layer is introduced within IP layer of the host’s protocol stack. A context is established between the MN and the CN. Through this context, additional IP addresses are exchanged between the two. Our MNS-MIP6 architecture allows one communication to smoothly switch from one interface/communication path to another. This switch remains transparent to other layers above IP. Second, to make communication more reliable in multi-homed mobile environments, a new failure detection and recovery mechanism called Mobile Reach ability Protocol (M-REAP) is designed within the proposed MNS-MIP6 architecture. The analysis shows that our new mechanism makes communication more reliable than the existing failure detection and recovery procedures in multi-homed mobile environments. Third, a new network selection mechanism is introduced in the proposed architecture which enables a multi-homed MN to choose the network best suited for particular application traffic. A Policy Engine is defined which takes parameters from iv the available networks, compares them according to application profiles and user preferences, and chooses the best network. The results show that in multi-homed mobile environment, load can be shared among different networks/interfaces through our proposed load sharing mechanism. Fourth, a seamless handover procedure is introduced in the system which enables multi-homed MN to seamlessly roam in a heterogeneous network environment. Layer 2 triggers are defined which assist in handover process. When Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) on a currently used active interface becomes low, a switch is made to a different active interface. We show through mathematical and simulation analysis that our proposed scheme outperforms the existing popular handover management enhancement scheme in MIPv6 networks namely Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6). Finally, a mechanism is introduced to allow legacy hosts to communicate with MNS-MIP6 MNs and gain the benefits of reliability, load sharing and seamless handover. The mechanism involves introducing middle boxes in CN’s network. These boxes are called Proxy-MNS boxes. Context is established between the middle boxes and a multi-homed MN.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service dans les systèmse satellites DVB-S2/RCS

Nos travaux de thèse ont pour objectif la conception, la mise en œuvre et l'évaluation d'architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service (QoS) dans des systèmes satellites DVB-S2/RCS. Ces systèmes peuvent constituer une solution alternative efficace aux réseaux terrestres dans des zones reculées à faible densité de population mais ils doivent pour cela offrir les mêmes services tout en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques spécifiques, en particulier leur long délai de transmission qui peut s'avérer problématique dans le cadre d'applications multimédias interactives. Notre première contribution a donc été de développer une architecture de QoS adaptée à ce type d'applications, utilisant le modèle DiffServ et se basant essentiellement sur l'interaction entre l'architecture liée au protocole d'initiation de session SIP et différentes entités du système satellite. La QoS peut alors être configurée de façon précise au niveau des STs, par le biais de l'outil TC, en analysant les descripteurs de session SDP compris dans les messages SIP et en déduisant leurs caractéristiques (débit, gigue max, délai max, etc...) soit localement si elles sont connues, soit à partir d'un service Web que nous avons développé. Nous avons ensuite proposé et développé une solution de mobilité basée sur SIP, adaptée au système satellite ainsi qu'à la solution de QoS précédemment décrite. Les performances de cette solution ont alors été comparées, en termes de temps d'interruption et de consommation de ressources, avec celles obtenues par Mobile IPv6 et certaines de ses extensions, démontrant ainsi de réelles améliorations pour le cas des applications multimédias interactives. Enfin, notre dernière contribution a été de développer deux architectures couplant QoS et mobilité, une spécifiquement conçue pour les applications interactives et basée sur la combinaison de notre solution de mobilité SIP avec notre architecture de QoS SIP et une autre basée sur Mobile IPv6 ou FMIPv6 et sur l'interaction d'un QoS Agent mobile avec les entités de QoS du système satellite. Ces architectures ont été évaluées et comparées sur la plateforme d'émulation PLATINE développée dans le cadre du projet SATSIX.Our thesis work aims at the design, the implementation and the evaluation of architectures for mobility and quality of service (QoS) in DVB-S2/RCS satellite systems. These systems can be an effective alternative to terrestrial networks in remote and sparsely populated areas but, for that, they have to offer the same services while taking into account their specific characteristics, particularly their long transmission delay that can be problematic in the context of interactive multimedia applications. Our first contribution has been to develop a QoS architecture adapted to such applications, using the DiffServ model and relying heavily on the interaction between the architecture related to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and various entities of the satellite system. The QoS of satellite terminals (STs) can then be configured precisely, by using the TC tool and analyzing the SDP session descriptors included in the SIP messages and deducting their characteristics (throughput, jitter max, delay max, etc. ...) either locally, if they are known, or from a Web service that we have developed. We then proposed and developed a mobility solution based on SIP, adapted to the satellite system and to the QoS solution described above. The performances of this solution were compared in terms of handover time and resources consumption, with those obtained by Mobile IPv6 and some of its extensions, showing real improvements in the case of interactive multimedia applications. Finally, our last contribution was to develop two architectures combining QoS and mobility: the first one is specifically designed for interactive applications and based on the combination of our SIP-based mobility solution with our SIP QoS architecture and the another is based on Mobile IPv6 or FMIPv6 for the mobility part and on the interaction of a mobile QoS agent with QoS entities of the satellite system. These architectures have been evaluated and compared on the emulation platform PLATINE developed under the project SATSIX

Intégration et gestion de mobilité de bout en bout dans les réseaux mobiles de prochaine génération

Résumé - Pendant les dix dernières années, l'utilisation des systèmes de communication sans fil est devenue de plus en plus populaire tant chez les entreprises que chez les particuliers. Cette nouvelle tendance du marché est due, en grande partie, à la performance grandissante des réseaux mobiles qui concurrencent davantage les réseaux filaires en termes de bande passante, de coût et de couverture. Toutefois, cette catégorie de solutions sans fil est conçue pour des services spécifiques et utilise des technologies très variées. De plus, les usagers sont de plus en plus mobiles et requièrent des applications sensibles au délai (voix, multimédia, etc.). Dans ce nouveau contexte de mobilité, la prochaine génération des réseaux sans fil (4G) s'annonce comme l'ultime solution visant à satisfaire les exigences des usagers tout en tirant profit de la complémentarité des services offerts par les systèmes mobiles existants. Pour ce faire, la principale vocation de la future génération (4G) consiste en l'intégration et la convergence des technologies sans fil existantes et celles à venir. Cette intégration passe obligatoirement par l'utilisation du protocole IP (Internet Protocol) qui permet de cacher l'hétérogénéité des systèmes intégrés puisqu'il demeure l'unique couche commune à toutes les plateformes mobiles. Plusieurs solutions d'intégration ont été proposées dans la littérature. Celles-ci concernent des architectures d'intégration et des mécanismes de gestion de mobilité. Cependant, les approches proposées ne font pas l'unanimité et souffrent de plusieurs handicaps liés, en particulier, à l'interopérabilité et la garantie des relèves sans coupures.----------ABSTRACT During the last few years, the use of wireless systems is becoming more and more popular. This tendency can be explained by the fact that mobile technologies are gaining in performance in terms of bandwidth, coverage and cost compared to the traditional wired solutions. However, each mobile network is tailored for a specific type of services and users. Moreover, end users are expected to become more and more mobile and show an increasing interest to real-time applications. In these circumstances, the next generation of mobile networks (4G) appears to be the ultimate solution that will satisfy mobile user demands and take benefit of the existing wireless systems. Indeed, the future generation consists of integrating, in an intelligent manner, the existing/future wireless systems in a way that users can obtain their services via the best available network. This integration passes through the use of the Internet Protocol (IP) that will hide the heterogeneity pertaining to the integrated networks. To deal with this very important task, several solutions are available in the literature. The proposed approaches cover some basic topics such as interworking architecture and mobility management. Nevertheless, these proposals suffer from drawbacks relevant to the guarantee of QoS through heterogeneous technologies

Handover based IMS registration scheme for next generation mobile networks

Next generation mobile networks aim to provide faster speed and more capacity along with energy efficiency to support video streaming and massive data sharing in social and communication networks. In these networks, user equipment has to register with IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS) which promises quality of service to the mobile users that frequently move across different access networks. After each handover caused due to mobility, IMS provides IPSec Security Association establishment and authentication phases. The main issue is that unnecessary reregistration after every handover results in latency and communication overhead. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a lightweight Fast IMS Mobility (FIM) registration scheme that avoids unnecessary conventional registration phases such as security associations, authentication, and authorization. FIM maintains a flag to avoid deregistration and sends a subsequent message to provide necessary parameters to IMS servers after mobility. It also handles the change of IP address for user equipment and transferring the security associations from old to new servers.We have validated the performance of FIM by developing a testbed consisting of IMS servers and user equipment. The experimental results demonstrate the performance supremacy of FIM. It reduces media disruption time, number of messages, and packet loss up to 67%, 100%, and 61%, respectively, as compared to preliminaries