The Law of Cross-Border Securitization: Lex Juris

Denna uppsats kretsar kring beslutsfattande och metodik vid fastighetsinvesteringar i potentiella tillväxtnoder. Då fastighetssektorn är så omfattande har vi valt att avgränsa oss till en speciell typ av fastigheter, närmare bestämt logistikfastigheter. Ytterligare en fördjupning har skett, där vi valt ut en specifik investering i området, för att fördjupa oss om denna. Det specifika fall vi valt att ta mestadels av vår data från är Rosersbergs industriområde, även känt som Stockholm Nord Logistikcenter. Som en referenspunkt till Stockholm Nord Logistikcenter har vi i arbetet även skrivit översiktligt om Arenastaden, som är belägen i Solna. En del tidigare forskning har gjort på området Logistik, och somliga av dessa studier har vi även tagit del av för att utvinna information inom ämnet som även kunnat användas i vårt arbete. Dock har den studien vi främst använt oss av varit inriktad på logistik i sin helhet och inte ett specifikt fall. På cirka 9 år har området utanför Rosersberg villastad förvandlats från en skog, inom ett bullerområde utanför en mindre bostadsort, till en logistiknod där ett tiotal stora företag bedriver verksamhet i tusentals kvadratmeter lokaler. Allt detta i något som tros komma att bli ett av de största logistikcentrena i hela Sverige, och med tanke för de framtidsplaner som finns är det inte osannolikt. Den största drivkraften för projektet har varit Kilenkrysset, men detta med hjälp av gott samarbetsvilja från offentlig sektor. Vår studie kretsar kring vilka faktorer som påverkat till att denna investering blivit lyckad, samt vilken typ av företag det är som bedrivit arbetet. Vi har även gått in på hur orten Rosersberg, som tidigare legat i lä, påverkats av detta händelseförlopp. Innan projektet i Rosersberg initierades av Kilenkrysset har många frågor angående området diskuterats inom kommunen under många årtionden, dock har man aldrig kommit till skott på grund av bristande intresse och samhällsnytta. Utifrån det vi kunnat utläsa av den tillgängliga data vi samlat, har vi kunnat dra slutsatsen att utvecklingen bidragit till att göra platsen attraktiv för företag, men likväl för människor att numera bo i. Under arbetet har vi tagit kontakt med fyra respondenter som intervjuats, varav tre av dessa respondenter kommer från koncernen Kilenkrysset. Flera företag, bland annat NCC, har kontribuerat till utvecklingen i Rosersbergs industriområde, men Kilenkrysset är de som varit överlägset störst i området. Vi har även haft kontakt med en före detta anställd på bygg- och trafiknämnden i Sigtuna kommun för att få en objektiv, och mer överskådlig bild över hur samarbetet mellan offentlig sektor och investerare sett ut. För att bättre kunna förstå hur beslutsfattande skötts inom Kilenkrysset, både under och innan projektets fortgående, har vi studerat företaget mer grundligt. Information har framtagits kring företagets uppstart och dess historia, och hur det beslutsfattandet som till sist ledde dem till Rosersberg sett ut. Man kan klart se att både företaget i sin helhet och dess ledning är säregna, vilket man även ur materialet kan observera hur detta gynnat dem under projektets fortlöpande. Men även negativa aspekter har tagits upp angående deras beslutsfattande och tillvägagångssätt. Detta för att ge en rättvisande bild av vilka för- och nackdelar som i realiteten kretsar runt dessa metoder.This essay revolves around the desicion making process in real estate investments, where the investment contributes to the economic growth of the surrounding area. Due to the sheer size of the sector, we have chosen to limit our study to a specific type of real estate, which we decided to be logistic property. We have also chosen to study a specific case in more detail, to be able to understand how these projects develops. The case we chose was the investment of Rosersbergs Industrial park, also known as Stockholm Nord Logistic Centre. As a point of reference to this project we have chosen to briefly look into another, quite similar in size, project; Arenastaden in Solna. There have been studies made on Logistics in the past, some of which we have chosen to use as sources of information on our study. The study we used as the main source studied logistics on a different scale than ours, where the whole logistics market in Stockholm was studied. In merely 9 years the area surrounding Rosersberg has transformed, from unexploited land suffering from airport noise, into a rapidly growing logistics center where dozens of companies have chosen to exist. All this in an area many believe will be one of the biggest logistic centers in Sweden, which is not unlikely due to the future plans of the area. The company that initiated the project, which also has been the driving force is Kilenkrysset AB, with a lot of assistance from a supportive municipality. Before the company's initiative in the area, the municipality has been contemplating since the 60's what to do with the area, and how to make it grow. The issue before the company came along was almost solely economical; because there was no solid plan or investor to take care of the area and the infrastructure surrounding it. Based on the data we collected the area has improved its attraction both to companies, as well as to the residents in the area. Our study will attempt to determine which of the variables had the greatest importance on the end result of the project. As well as to study which type of company that decides to take on these kinds of projects. We have also studied how the surrounding area in Rosersberg has grown as a result of this specific investment. To gather information on the subject, we have contacted four respondents, which consists of three people from the Kilenkrysset organization. The reason why the majority of the interviewed respondents has been from one single company is because they have by far been the biggest investor in the area. The construction company NCC has also been part of the development in the area, but have sold most of their property to Kilenkrysset. The last respondent is from the building and traffic department within the municipality (Bygg- och trafiknämnden). Since we want to understand how decision making is handled within these types of organizations, we have chosen to study Kilenkrysset more thoroughly. Information about their history and the decision making process that eventually lead them to Rosersberg. From the information collected we can conclude that the company and its management have quite an extraordinary way of doing business. It is also obvious how their way of thinking has benefited them throughout their project in Rosersberg. But every technique has consequences, and we will also enlighten these consequences to try to observe both the pros and the cons about these methods

Fast Graph-Based Object Segmentation for RGB-D Images

Object segmentation is an important capability for robotic systems, in particular for grasping. We present a graph- based approach for the segmentation of simple objects from RGB-D images. We are interested in segmenting objects with large variety in appearance, from lack of texture to strong textures, for the task of robotic grasping. The algorithm does not rely on image features or machine learning. We propose a modified Canny edge detector for extracting robust edges by using depth information and two simple cost functions for combining color and depth cues. The cost functions are used to build an undirected graph, which is partitioned using the concept of internal and external differences between graph regions. The partitioning is fast with O(NlogN) complexity. We also discuss ways to deal with missing depth information. We test the approach on different publicly available RGB-D object datasets, such as the Rutgers APC RGB-D dataset and the RGB-D Object Dataset, and compare the results with other existing methods

Perceptual representation and effectiveness of local figure–ground cues in natural contours

A contour shape strongly influences the perceptual segregation of a figure from the ground. We investigated the contribution of local contour shape to figure-ground segregation. Although previous studies have reported local contour features that evoke figure-ground perception, they were often image features and not necessarily perceptual features. First, we examined whether contour features, specifically, convexity, closure, and symmetry, underlie the perceptual representation of natural contour shapes. We performed similarity tests between local contours, and examined the contribution of the contour features to the perceptual similarities between the contours. The local contours were sampled from natural contours so that their distribution was uniform in the space composed of the three contour features. This sampling ensured the equal appearance frequency of the factors and a wide variety of contour shapes including those comprised of contradictory factors that induce figure in the opposite directions. This sampling from natural contours is advantageous in order to randomly pickup a variety of contours that satisfy a wide range of cue combinations. Multidimensional scaling analyses showed that the combinations of convexity, closure, and symmetry contribute to perceptual similarity, thus they are perceptual quantities. Second, we examined whether the three features contribute to local figure-ground perception. We performed psychophysical experiments to judge the direction of the figure along the local contours, and examined the contribution of the features to the figure-ground judgment. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that closure was a significant factor, but that convexity and symmetry were not. These results indicate that closure is dominant in the local figure-ground perception with natural contours when the other cues coexist with equal probability including contradictory cases