Analytical modeling of HSUPA-enabled UMTS networks for capacity planning

In recent years, mobile communication networks have experienced significant evolution. The 3G mobile communication system, UMTS, employs WCDMA as the air interface standard, which leads to quite different mobile network planning and dimensioning processes compared with 2G systems. The UMTS system capacity is limited by the received interference at NodeBs due to the unique features of WCDMA, which is denoted as `soft capacity'. Consequently, the key challenge in UMTS radio network planning has been shifted from channel allocation in the channelized 2G systems to blocking and outage probabilities computation under the `cell breathing' effects which are due to the relationship between network coverage and capacity. The interference characterization, especially for the other-cell interference, is one of the most important components in 3G mobile networks planning. This monograph firstly investigates the system behavior in the operation of UMTS uplink, and develops the analytic techniques to model interference and system load as fully-characterized random variables, which can be directly applicable to the performance modeling of such networks. When the analysis progresses from single-cell scenario to multi-cell scenario, as the target SIR oriented power control mechanism is employed for maximum capacity, more sophisticated system operation, `feedback behavior', has emerged, as the interference levels at different cells depend on each other. Such behaviors are also captured into the constructed interference model by iterative and approximation approaches. The models are then extended to cater for the features of the newly introduced HSUPA, which provides enhanced dedicated channels for the packet switched data services such that much higher bandwidth can be achieved for best-effort elastic traffic, which allows network operators to cope with the coexistence of both circuit-switched and packet-switched traffic and guarantee the QoS requirements. During the derivation, we consider various propagation models, traffic models, resource allocation schemes for many possible scenarios, each of which may lead to different analytical models. All the suggested models are validated with either Monte-Carlo simulations or discrete event simulations, where excellent matches between results are always achieved. Furthermore, this monograph studies the optimization-based resource allocation strategies in the UMTS uplink with integrated QoS/best-effort traffic. Optimization techniques, both linear-programming based and non-linear-programming based, are used to determine how much resource should be assigned to each enhanced uplink user in the multi-cell environment where each NodeB possesses full knowledge of the whole network. The system performance under such resource allocation schemes are analyzed and compared via Monte-Carlo simulations, which verifies that the proposed framework may serve as a good estimation and optimal reference to study how systems perform for network operators

A Real-Time Communication Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent advances in miniaturization and low power design have led to a flurry of activity in wireless sensor networks. Sensor networks have different constraints than traditional wired networks. A wireless sensor network is a special network with large numbers of nodes equipped with embedded processors, sensors, and radios. These nodes collaborate to accomplish a common task such as environment monitoring or asset tracking. In many applications, sensor nodes will be deployed in an ad-hoc fashion without careful planning. They must organize themselves to form a multihop, wireless communication network. In sensor network environments, much research has been conducted in areas such as power consumption, self-organisation techniques, routing between the sensors, and the communication between the sensor and the sink. On the other hand, real-time communication with the Quality of Service (QoS) concept in wireless sensor networks is still an open research field. Most protocols either ignore real time or simply attempt to process as fast as possible and hope that this speed is sufficient to meet the deadline. However, the introduction of real-time communication has created additional challenges in this area. The sensor node spends most of its life routing packets from one node to another until the packet reaches the sink; therefore, the node functions as a small router most of the time. Since sensor networks deal with time-critical applications, it is often necessary for communication to meet real time constraints. However, research that deals with providing QoS guarantees for real-time traffic in sensor networks is still in its infancy.This thesis presents a real-time communication framework to provide quality of service in sensor networks environments. The proposed framework consists of four components: First, present an analytical model for implementing Priority Queuing (PQ) in a sensor node to calculate the queuing delay. The exact packet delay for corresponding classes is calculated. Further, the analytical results are validated through an extensive simulation study. Second, report on a novel analytical model based on a limited service polling discipline. The model is based on an M/D/1 queuing system (a special class of M/G/1 queuing systems), which takes into account two different classes of traffic in a sensor node. The proposed model implements two queues in a sensor node that are served in a round robin fashion. The exact queuing delay in a sensor node for corresponding classes is calculated. Then, the analytical results are validated through an extensive simulation study. Third, exhibit a novel packet delivery mechanism, namely the Multiple Level Stateless Protocol (MLSP), as a real-time protocol for sensor networks to guarantee the traffic in wireless sensor networks. MLSP improves the packet loss rate and the handling of holes in sensor network much better than its counterpart, MMSPEED. It also introduces the k-limited polling model for the first time. In addition, the whole sending packets dropped significantly compared to MMSPEED, which it leads to decrease the consumption power. Fourth, explain a new framework for moving data from the sink to the user, at a low cost and low power, using the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), which is standard for the Third Generation Mobile System (3G). The integration of sensor networks with the 3G mobile network infrastructure will reduce the cost of building new infrastructures and enable the large-scale deployment of sensor network

Resource allocation for multimedia messaging services over EGPRS

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new bearer service for GSM that greatly simplifies wireless access to packet data networks, such as the Internet, corporate LANs or to mobile portals. It applies a packet radio standard to transfer user data packets in wellorganized way between Mobile Stations (MS) and external packet data networks. The Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) is an extension of GPRS, offering much greater capacity. These enhancements have allowed the introduction of new services like Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS). MMS enables messaging with full content versatility, including images, audio, video, data and text, from terminal to terminal or from terminal to e-mail. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is the WAP Forum standard for the presentation and delivery of wireless information and telephony services on mobile phones and other wireless terminals. In this thesis it is indicated that efficient radio resource allocation is necessary for managing different types of traffic in order to maintain the quality demands for different types of services. A theoretical model of MMS and WAP traffic is developed, and based on this model a simulator is implemented in Java programming language. This thesis proposes two techniques to improve the radio resource allocation algorithm performance called "radio link condition diversification" and "interactive traffic class prioritization". The radio link condition diversification technique defines minimum radio link quality that allows the user to receive their packets. The interactive traffic class prioritization technique defines different priorities for WAP packets and for MMS packets. Both techniques give good results in increasing user's perception of services and increasing network efficiency. This thesis indicates also that the prioritization mechanism successfully improves the response time of the interactive service by up to 80% with a setting of priority for interactive traffic class and decreasing the performance of the background traffic. This decrease is within a range acceptable by the end-user and that the link conditions limit mechanism has an advantage in terms of resource utilization

Optimization and Performance Analysis of High Speed Mobile Access Networks

The end-to-end performance evaluation of high speed broadband mobile access networks is the main focus of this work. Novel transport network adaptive flow control and enhanced congestion control algorithms are proposed, implemented, tested and validated using a comprehensive High speed packet Access (HSPA) system simulator. The simulation analysis confirms that the aforementioned algorithms are able to provide reliable and guaranteed services for both network operators and end users cost-effectively. Further, two novel analytical models one for congestion control and the other for the combined flow control and congestion control which are based on Markov chains are designed and developed to perform the aforementioned analysis efficiently compared to time consuming detailed system simulations. In addition, the effects of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) transport network (S1and X2 interfaces) on the end user performance are investigated and analysed by introducing a novel comprehensive MAC scheduling scheme and a novel transport service differentiation model

Intelligent adaptive bandwidth provisioning for quality of service in umts core networks

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Connection admission control and packet scheduling for IEEE 802.16 networks

Includes bibliographical references.The IEEE 802.16 standard introduced as one of the Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN) for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) which is known as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), provides a solution of broadband connectivity to areas where wired infrastructure is economically and technically infeasible. Apart from the advantage of having high speeds and low costs, IEEE 802.16 has the capability to simultaneously support various service types with required QoS characteristics. ... While IEEE 802.16 standard defines medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers specification, admission control and packet scheduling mechanisms which are important elements of QoS provisioning are left to vendors to design and implement for service differentiation and QoS support

Traffic integration in personal, local and geograhical wireless networks

Currently, users identify wireless networks with the first and second generation of cellular-telephony networks. Although voice and short messaging have driven the success of these networks so far, data and more sophisticated applications are emerging as the future driving forces for the extensive deployment of new wireless technologies. In this chapter we will consider future wireless technologies that will provide support to different types of traffic including legacy voice applications, Internet data traffic, and sophisticated multimedia applications. In the near future, wireless technologies will span from broadband wide-area technologies (such as satellite-based network and cellular networks) to local and personal area networks. Hereafter, for each class of networks, we will present the emerging wireless technologies for supporting service integration. Our overview will start by analyzing the Bluetooth technology that is the de-facto standard for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), i.e. networks that connect devices placed inside a circle with radius of 10 meters. Two main standards exist for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs): IEEE 802. and HiperLAN. In this chapter we focus on the IEEE 802.11 technology, as it is the technology currently available on the market. In this chapter, after a brief description of the IEEE 802.11 architecture, we will focus on the mechanisms that have been specifically designed to support delay sensitive traffics