7,840 research outputs found

    Specimen poetics: botany, reanimation, and the Romantic collection

    Get PDF
    This essay argues that the modern literary anthology—and specifically its aspiration to delimit both aesthetic merit and historical representativeness—emerged as a response to changes in eighteenth-century botanical collecting, description, and illustration. A dramatic upsurge in botanical metaphors for poetic collections around 1800 was triggered by shifts in the geographies, aims, and representational practices of botany in the previous century. Yoking Linnaean taxonomy and Buffonian vitalism to Hogarth’s line of beauty, late eighteenth-century botanical illustrations imbued plucked, pressed specimens with a new vitality. Erasmus Darwin’s Botanic Garden (1789, 1791) translated the aesthetic reanimations of visual art into a collection of poetic specimens, spurring compilations that promote a vitalist standard of literary value. By rejecting aesthetic reanimation as the figurative ground for poetic collecting, Charlotte Smith and Robert Southey forward an alternative historical model of literary merit, one grounded in the succession and continuity of representative literary types. These competing metrics for selection and valuation underwrite the anthology as we know it today

    Trusts--Insolvent Banks--Tracing Trusts Property

    Get PDF

    Improving regulations and supervision of pension funds : are there lessons from the Banking Sector?

    Get PDF
    The main objective of this paper is to review the regulatory framework for pension funds, and examine whether there is scope for improvements in pension regulation, particularly in light of regulatory and supervisory developments in the banking industry. The report is structured as follows: The second section summarizes the literature on banking regulation and supervision, identifying the areas of consensus and the trends in regulation and supervision across countries. The third section summarizes the literature on the regulation of pension funds. The fourth section examines the scope for improvements in pension regulation, identifying possible lessons from the banking sector to the pension industry. The fifth section provides a summary and concludes.Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Environmental Economics&Policies

    When the Bezzle Bursts: Restitutionary Distribution of Assets After Ponzi Schemes Enter Bankruptcy

    Full text link

    Trust and estate planning: the emergence of a profession and its contribution to socio-economic inequality

    Full text link
    "This paper offers a fresh perspective on the connection between professional work and socio-economic inequality by tracing the emergence of the trust and estate planning profession in America. Unlike studies of inequality and the professions that focus on the status attainment of individuals and their families, or on labor market segregation, this paper explores professional work as a means of creating and reproducing larger systems of socio-economic stratification. Trust and estate planners contribute to macrolevel inequality by helping wealthy clients accumulate large fortunes and pass them on to their descendants; this, in turn, has shaped the status and composition of other professions. As sources of economic power have changed - moving from land and factories to more fungible forms - the need for legal, organizational and financial strategies to protect assets from taxation, creditors, and spendthrift heirs intensified, catalyzing the transformation of trust and estate planners from amateurs to professionals. Thus, trust and estate planners are both products and producers of the changing worlds of work and wealth. To shed light on these transformations, this paper will draw on the literatures of sociology, economics and anthropology, focusing on these professionals' three critical roles - as investors, administrators, and guardians of wealth - in reproducing systems of stratification." (author's abstract)"Dieses Papier untersucht die Professionalisierung der Treuhand- und Immobilienverwaltung in den USA. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Untersuchungen über soziale Ungleichheit und Berufsstände, die auf das Erreichen eines bestimmten Status von Individuen und deren Familien oder auf Arbeitsmarktsegregation abzielen, werden Berufsgruppen hier hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf soziale Stratifizierung untersucht. Treuhand- und Immobilienverwalter fördern soziale Ungleichheit auf der Makroebene, indem sie wohlhabenden Klienten helfen, große Vermögen anzuhäufen und diese ihren Nachkommen zu vererben. Dies wiederum hat Auswirkungen auf den Status und die Zusammensetzung anderer Berufe. Als die Quellen wirtschaftlicher Macht, früher Landbesitz und Industrieeigentum, fungiblere Formen annahmen, stieg der Bedarf an juristischen, organisatorischen und finanziellen Strategien, Vermögen vor der Besteuerung und dem Zugriff durch Gläubiger und verschwenderische Erben zu schützen. Dies beförderte die Professionalisierung der Vermögensverwalter und machte sie gleichermaßen zu Produkten und Produzenten der veränderten sozialen Organisation von Arbeit und Wohlstand. Das Papier vergleicht Literatur aus Soziologie, Ökonomie und Anthropologie und erklärt die Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf die drei kritischen Rollen der Vermögensverwalter in den verschiedenen Systemen sozioökonomischer Stratifizierung: als Investoren, Administratoren und Vermögensverwalter." (Autorenreferat

    Ecosystem Services and the Value of Land

    Get PDF

    A Sustainable Approach to Delivering Programmable Peer-to-Peer Offline Payments

    Get PDF
    Payment apps and digital wallets are powerful tools used to exchange e-money via the internet. However, with the progressive disappearance of cash, there is a need for the digital equivalent of physical banknotes to guarantee the same level of anonymity of private payments. Few efforts to solve the double-spending problem exist in P2P payments (i.e., in avoiding the possibility of a payer retaining copies of digital coins in absence of a trusted third party (TTP)), and further research efforts are needed to explore options to preserve the privacy of payments, as per the mandates of numerous central bank digital currency (CBDC) exploratory initiatives, such as the digital euro. Moreover, generic programmability requirements and energetic impacts should be considered. In this paper, we present a sustainable offline P2P payment scheme to face the double-spending problem by means of a one-time program (OTP) approach. The approach consists of wiping the business logic out of a client’s app and allowing financial intermediaries to inject a certified payment code into the user’s device, which will execute (asynchronously and offline) at the time of payment. To do so, we wrap each coin in a program at the time of withdrawal. Then the program exploits the trusted execution environment (TEE) of modern smartphones to transfer itself from the payer to the payee via a direct IoT link. To confirm the validity of the approach, we performed qualitative and quantitative evaluations, specifically focusing on the energetic sustainability of the proposed scheme. Results show that our payment scheme is energetically sustainable as the current absorbed for sending one coin is, at most, ~1.8 mAh on an Apple smartphone. We advance the state-of-the-art because the scheme meets the programmability, anonymity, and sustainability requirements (at the same time)

    Corporate Governance and Control

    Get PDF
    Corporate governance is concerned with the resolution of collective action problems among dispersed investors and the reconciliation of conflicts of interest between various corporate claimholders. In this survey we review the theoretical and empirical research on the main mechanisms of corporate control, discuss the main legal and regulatory institutions in different countries, and examine the comparative corporate governance literature. A fundamental dilemma of corporate governance emerges from this overview: regulation of large shareholder intervention may provide better protection to small shareholders; but such regulations may increase managerial discretion and scope for abuse.
    • …
    corecore