EDITORIAL

The AU-GSB e-Journal is a semiannually international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed social science articles across the entire spectrum of academic fields. The AU-GSB e-Journal has been indexed in TCI – Thai Journal Citation Index Centre (Tired 2).This issue covers twenty articles. The first article titled “Enhancing Teachers Engagement in Heilongjiang International University through Organization Development Intervention” aiming at measuring the causal relationship among immediate supervisor leadership, teaching performance, teachers intrinsic motivation and teachers engagement.The second article titled “An Intervention to Improve Students’ Class Engagement of Art Department in China” aims to investigate the relationship of students’ autonomy, relatedness, usefulness, interest and student class engagement.The third article titled “Influencing Factors of Entrepreneurial Intention among Engineering Students in Sichuan, China” aims to carry out effective reform of entrepreneurship education in combination with the national construction of new engineering for improving students' entrepreneurial intention.The fourth article titled “The Impact of Work Engagement, Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Hotel Service Sector: A Case Study of a Hotel Service in Roi Et, Thailand” aims to identify the factors which contribute towards organizational citizenship Behavior of ABC hotel’s employee in Roi Et, Thailand.The fifth articled titled “Determinants of Attitude, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention of Online Learning Usage Among Students During COVID-19” intended to examine determinants of behavioral intention to use online learning among students in a higher vocational collage in China, including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, trust and satisfaction.The sixth article titled “Factors Influencing Purchase Intention Towards Environmentally Sustainable Clothing: A Study on Millennials of Metro Manila” examined factors influencing purchase intention and provide insights as to how can government, business organizations, and individuals contribute to addressing the ongoing environmental issues.The seventh article titled “Impacting Factors of Postgraduates’ Behavioral Intention and Satisfaction in Using Online Learning in Chengdu University” proposed to find out impacting factors of behavioral intention and satisfaction of postgraduate students in using online learning based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and the Information Systems Success (ISS).The eighth article titled “Influencing of Online Compulsive Buying and Materialism in Health and Beauty Consequence New Normal Shopping” determined the impact of online compulsive buying and materialism on new normal shopping in the health and beauty industry.The ninth article titled “Perceptions of middle-top management on organizational performance in agriculture manufacturers in Yangon, Myanmar” aims to help business executors promote leadership to enhance employee performance and build business model innovation to gain competitive advantage.The tenth article titled “The Role of Distributed Leadership on Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Learning in Higher Education Institutions of Cambodia” to examine the determinants impacting knowledge sharing and organizational learning as well as to promote social support, leadership and voice across organizations to gain competitiveness in education market segment.The eleventh article titled “Influencing Factors of Fine Arts Student Satisfaction of Educational Internship in Sichuan, China” contribute to the supervision of educational internship, improve the quality of educational internship, and promote the professional development of pre-service fine arts teachers.The twelfth article titled “Understanding Freshmen’s Persistence in A Chinese Private Higher Education” aims to investigate the significant impact of self-efficacy, goal-setting and belongingness on freshmen’s persistence.The thirteenth article titled “Analysis on Influencing Factors of Art Application Behavior of Comprehensive Materials among Art Undergraduates in Chengdu Colleges” aims to explore the affecting factors of the undergraduate students in art major using comprehensive materials for creation in Chengdu.The fourteenth article titled “Analysis of Factors Affecting Art Major Students' Behavioral Intention of Online Education in Public Universities in Chengdu” aims to identify the primary contributors for the implementation of contemporary online learning in order to enhance student engagement and learning behavioral intention.The fifteenth article titled “The Effect of Behavioral Intention to Use Hybrid Education: A Case of Chinese Undergraduate Students” emphasized the main contributors to hybrid learning implementation to increase student engagement and learning efficiency.The sixteenth article titled “Investigation on Satisfaction and Performance of Online Education Among Fine Arts Major Undergraduates in Chengdu Public Universities” determines factors influencing satisfaction and performance of online education among undergraduate fine art students in three public universities in Chengdu, China.The seventeenth article titled “Exploring Behavioral Intention Towards Hybrid Education of Undergraduate Students in Public Universities in Chongqing, China” tests the significance of relationships between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, performance expectancy, self-efficacy, effort expectancy, social influence, and behavioral intention.The eighteenth article titled “Examining Factors Impacting Purchase Intention of 3D Cameras of Gen Y Customers in Chengdu, China” contributed to marketers and salespersons to understand motivational factors of 3D cameras’ purchase decision of Generation Y customers, leading to the development of marketing and sales strategy for such products.The nineteenth article titled “The Antecedents of Student Satisfaction and Loyalty in Public Universities in Zhejiang, China” evaluated the antecedents of student satisfaction and student loyalty and tests the interrelationships between academic aspects, college administration, infrastructure facilities, placement services, teachers and teaching, student satisfaction and student loyalty.The twentieth article titled “Determinants of Undergraduates’ Continuance Intention and Actual Behavior to Play Mobile Games in Chongqing, China” aims to conduct Structural equation model (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the determinants of undergraduate student’s continuance intention and actual behavior to play online mobile games in Chongqing, ChinaKitikorn Dowpiset, Ph.D.Editor-in-Chie

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions

Purpose-The main aim of this paper is to examine the effect of entrepreneurial education on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Also the study sought to determine whether such intention usually give rise to entrepreneurial start-up among students.Design/methodology/approach-Primary data comes from 250 students who currently have entrepreneurship as one of their courses in their institution of higher leaning within the south west of the country. Respondents filled in a detailed questionnaire on their background and other related items as regards to their entrepreneurship education. A model of regression analysis was considered most appropriate for the data analysis of the study used. The use of regression analysis results from the fact that it will enable the study to test the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable and also to ascertain the rate of change in the dependent variable as determined by increase or decrease in the independent variables.Findings-The results of the regression analysis revealed that student’s exposure to entrepreneurship education has a positive influence on the students’entrepreneurial intentions. Research Limitations/implications-Examining the impact of entrepreneurial education on students’ entrepreneurial activities tends to raise or provide some useful insights into some theoretical issues on one hand. And on the other hand, it raises some practical implications for policy makers both in the government and universities. However, this study is limited based on the information available when the research is carried out. Further research could look at the effect of the entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial activities after graduation. This study hence recommends that the Nigeriangovernment should make entrepreneurship education a compulsory course in Nigerian schools (primary, secondary and tertiary institutions). This will help to influence youth’s attitude towards entrepreneurship. Originality /value-The study makes empirical and theoretical contribution by focussing on the research area that has received less attention especially in the context of study environmen

Entrepreneurship Promotion in Higher Education Institutions

AbstractsThe importance of entrepreneurship promotion has increased significantly in today's society, especial-ly during periods of crises. This work is based on the responses obtained through a survey conducted on a sample of 305 undergraduates of the University of the Azores, enrolled in different science pro-grams. The aim is to deepen the knowledge of the entrepreneurial propensity of higher education students in the Azores, and in that way the university can stimulate their interest in creating business-es. The main results obtained, using exploratory data analysis (from the univariate to the multivari-ate), are presented and discussed. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sousa, Á., Couto, G., Branco, N., Silva, O., Bace-lar-Nicolau, H. (2017). “Entrepreneurship Promotion in Higher Education Institutions”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 157–184

Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Perspectives on Institutional Theory

Entrepreneurial intentions have been considered a critical element understanding the formation of new venture creations that have been seen in creating jobs and economic growth in a country. This study draws upon institutional environment theory to clarify and test the model using multiple linear regression on entrepreneurship education and three determinants of institutional environment dimensions, namely, regulatory, cogni-tive, and normative dimensions toward entrepreneurial intentions in the context of Esto-nia. A questionnaire-based survey on 265 Estonian university students was conducted to validate the hypotheses of the study. The results suggest that entrepreneurship education has a significant influence on university students’ entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, all three institutional environment determinants moderate the positive relationship be-tween entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Interestingly, interaction terms among normative environment, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial intention are statistically significant. Therefore, the results of this study advance institu-tional theory and its application in entrepreneurship research in the context of Estonia. Research paper Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurial intentions, Institutional environment theory, Estonia, University students Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Wannamakok, W., & Liang, W. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Perspectives on Institutional Theory, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 7(2), 106–129.&nbsp

Developing an enterprising spirit among engineering college students : what are the educational factors ?

The purpose of this chapter is to further what can be called the Entrepreneurial Spirit. Indeed these words, although widely used, have not yet been properly defined in the literature as to how it is created, and what precise aspects can be enhanced through teaching activities. It is a matter of suggesting hypotheses in order to build up a model of how an Entrepreneurial Spirit is engendered among newly trained engineers. Our chapter is divided into four section. The first deals with the question of the definition of the Entrepreneurial Spirit: How does it arise prior to the decision to set up a business? How can the components of an Entrepreneurial Spirit be defined? We suggest a dynamic model. The second section deals with the factors leading to an Entrepreneurial Spirit among young engineers: What is the relevance of the educational background ? What are the possible teaching method variables within engineering college training? The third section presents methodological features of our research. The fourth section presents early results about the projective dimensions of our model of engineering students in 2004. As a conclusion, we present theoretical and practical implications of our research.entreprising spirit, entrepreneurship education

Influencing Factors of Entrepreneurial Intention among Engineering Students in Sichuan, China

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the key influencing factors of entrepreneurial intention of engineering students in Sichuan, China. The conceptual framework proposes Entrepreneurship Education (EE), Personal Attitudes (PA), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective Norms (SN), Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (ESE), Entrepreneurial Creativity (EC) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI). Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative research method (N=693) was adopted to issue questionnaires to engineering students in Xihua University. Nonprobability sampling technique includes judgmental sampling, stratified random sampling, and convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) was used for data analysis and model measurement, including factor loading, reliability, validity and model fit. Results: The results illustrate Entrepreneurship Education (EE) was affected by entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), perceived behavioral control (PBC) and personal attitude (PA). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) had an effect on entrepreneurial creativity (EC). Personal attitude (PA) and entrepreneurial creativity (EC) significantly affected entrepreneurial intention (EI). Whereas ESE, PBC and SN did not significant to EI. Conclusions: Out of nine hypotheses, only six were supported to meet the research objectives. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out effective reform of entrepreneurship education in combination with the national construction of new engineering for improving students' entrepreneurial intention

Technology Entrepreneurship Intention among Higher Education Institutions Students: A Literature Review

Technology entrepreneurship is a new breed of entrepreneurship in a technology context, where it merges technology prowess and entrepreneurial skills. The intention to become technopreneurs among students from higher education institutions has become more and more prominent since it can be seen as a valuable way to contribute to the labor market to solve unemployment issues. However, despite data showing that the unemployment rate in Malaysia post-COVID is at a worrying state, studies on technology entrepreneurship intention are still lacking, with few areas being under-researched. This paper attempts to provide a review of existing academic literature on technology entrepreneurship intention among university students, revealing the current state and future direction of technology entrepreneurship intention research. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) method, the research papers were analyzed between the years 2017 and 2023 (7 years) to see the trend in the current years. The result shows that previous studies do not cover the subject comprehensively. Subjective norms were the least studied factor, despite their importance in shaping an individual’s behavior and intention. It was also found that none of the papers studied the role of government support and social media towards technology entrepreneurship intention. The identification of these under-researched areas will provide future directions for researchers to empirically study the factors. This paper may also provide future directions for the government in ensuring that more graduates have the intention to pursue technology entrepreneurship which will in turn contribute to the country’s economic growth

PLANNED BEHAVIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INTENTION TO CREATE A NEW VENTURE AMONG YOUNG GRADUATES

This paper attempts to investigate whether young graduates possess the leadership style that is pre-requisite to become entrepreneur. The paper further examines the role of higher education towards the desire of new venture creation among young graduates in developing economies specially. This study analyzed the response of 225 final-semester students at different universities in Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Lahore. A questionnaire based survey instrument was used. Result of the present study shows that education and new venture creation are positively and significantly correlated. The results further indicate that all variables used in this study are significantly correlated with intention to create a new venture. The limitation of this study is that it includes business and economics discipline students only. Further studies may investigate and examine the possibilities of similar outcomes among students of other disciplines including science, engineering, medicine, agriculture and law etc. The present study will, however, provide insight to future policy makers and planners to consider strategies for optimally utilizing the expertise and potentials of the young graduates. The academicians, educators, and university authorities have rethink what to teach? How to teach? In order to effectively prepare-young generation for the forthcoming challenges.entrepreneurship, leadership style, new venture creation, planned behavior, young graduates.

Factors influencing engineering students for choosing techno-entrepreneurship as a career: An implication for better learning

Techno-entrepreneurship is critical to the growth of society as a useful technique for overcoming youth unemployment. However, the growth of techno-entrepreneurship has been limited with the end outcome being less than satisfying. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the possibility of choosing techno-entrepreneurship as a profession among engineering students in the Philippines. There were 200 engineering students selected by stratified random sampling and the significance of the factors was then determined using Pearson correlation analysis. Based on the findings, students’ likelihood of choosing techno-entrepreneurship as a career was not influenced by their equipment availability but by their e-commerce experience, geographical location, and internet ability. This implies the need for academic personnel and instructors teaching techno-entrepreneurship courses to guarantee students have relevant technopreneur knowledge, skills, and competencies that value students’ creativity and innovation to encourage techno-entrepreneurship as a profession