35 research outputs found

    Fabrication of clog-free microfluidic cell isolation and solid-state light-emitting devices for biomedical applications

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    Over the past few decades, research and development on microfluidic devices, also referred to as lab-on-a-chip systems or microfluidic total analysis systems (TAS), have advanced quickly. There aren't many commercial success stories for microfluidic devices, despite the many advantages they offer, including improved analytical performance, decreased sample and reagent usage in the biomedical disciplines. From liquid biopsies, microfluidics has been used to filter out rare tumor cells from blood. Low flow rates and device clogs brought on by a single fluidic path function severely restrict processing. A novel technique was created employing multifunctional hybrid microposts with various features has effectively ensured high effective separation of rare cells from biological fluids. Furthermore, Solid-State perovskite material is synthesized, fabricated in 3D printed layers, and characterized for the need to be incorporated into fluorescence imaging of biological cells. Since effective imaging techniques are required to image the cells in a PDMS-based microfluidic device, the emission of the perovskite material shows positive signs as a fluorescent light source for identification of cells based on their emission of light.Includes bibliographical references

    DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND TESTING OF A PDMS MICROPUMP WITH MOVING MEMBRANES

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    This paper will discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic pump. PDMS is commonly described as a soft polymer with very appealing chemical and physical properties such as optical transparency, low permeability to water, elasticity, low electrical conductivity, and flexible surface chemistry. PDMS microfluidic device fabrication is done easily with the use of soft lithography and rapid prototyping. PDMS microfluidic devices make it easier to integrate components and interface devices with particular users, than using typically harder materials such as glass and silicon. Fabrication and design of single and multilayer PDMS microfluidic devices is much easier and straightforward than traditional methods. A novel design of a PDMS micropump with multiple vibrating membranes has been developed for application in drug delivery and molecule sorting. The PDMS micropump consists of three nozzle/diffuser elements with vibrating membranes, which are used to create pressure difference in the pump chamber. Preliminary analysis of the fluidic characteristics of the micropump was analyzed with ANSYS to investigate the transient responses of fluid velocity, pressure distributions, and flow rate during the operating cycle of the micropump. The design simulation results showed that the movement of the wall membranes combined with rectification behavior of three nozzle/diffuser elements can minimize back flow and improve net flow in one direction. To prove that the theoretical design is valid, the fabrication and testing process of the micropump has been carried out and completed. This paper will discuss in depth the design, fabrication, and testing of the PDMS micropump

    ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์‘์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2021. 2. ํ™์šฉํƒ.์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ •์€ ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ ์ธต ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ ์ธต ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ณต์ •์€ ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์€ ์ ์ธต ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ณต์ • ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ œ์กฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž ๋ฐ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ, ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์œผ๋กœ ์‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ์žฌ, ๊ธธ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ, ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ์ œํ•œ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๋œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ž„์˜์˜ ๊ณก๋ฉด, ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ ๋Œ€์‹  ํƒ„์„ฑ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘ํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์‘์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์••์‹ ๋””์ŠคํŽœ์‹ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ปฌ ์Œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌ ํ‰ํŒ์‹ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฉ์œต ์ ์ธต ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ปค๋ธŒ๋“œ ์—ฃ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ์ด์Œ์ƒˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด‘ ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ž ์ /๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ˆ˜๋ ฅํ•™์  ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–‘์ž ์ ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋ถ€ ์ƒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ’€ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋กœ์˜ ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๋””์ŠคํŽœ์‹ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋น™ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒน๋ˆˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋””์ŠคํŽœ์‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฉด ์ƒ์— ๋‹จ์ธต์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋น™ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒน๋ˆˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด๋Š” ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋“œ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ ธ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์–ด๋„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„, ์ดˆ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‘์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์ •๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™๊ณ„๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ €๋ณ€์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.Generally, the manufacturing process is divided into the subtractive (top-down) type and additive type (bottom-up). Among them, the additive manufacturing process has attracted a lot of attention because it can manufacture products with complex shapes in a low-cost and short-time process. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) printing is a representative method, which has already been commercialized in the field of mechanical components and biomedical organ. However, it remains in the research and development step in the field of electronic devices and optical components. Especially, although 3D printed optical components including microlens and color filter are expected to be widely used in display and imaging systems, it is still under investigation for commercialized products, and there are limitations in terms of materials, length scale, shape, and practical applications of components. Therefore, to overcome these issues, it is required for investigating and expanding the potential usefulness for 3D printed optical components in display and imaging systems to achieve better performance, productivity, and usability in three aspects. First, it should be possible to manufacture structures with a wide range of length scales from micrometer to centimeter through various 3D printing methods. Second, complex shapes such as free-from curved surfaces and hierarchical structures should be easily fabricated. Third, it is necessary to add functionality by manufacturing structures in which tunable functions are introduced using soft materials like an elastomer. Based on the above motivations, 3D printing-based customized optical components for display and imaging system applications are introduced in this dissertation. 3D printed optical components are classified into three types and their applications are showed to verify the scalability of 3D printing: macro-scale, microscale, and hierarchical macro/micro-scale. As macro-scale printed optical components, lens and mirror which are the most basic optical components are selected. The lens is fabricated by a pneumatic-type dispensing method with the form of a cylindrical pair and adopted for demonstration of seamless modular flat panel display. Besides, a seamless modular curved-edge display is also demonstrated with a mirror, which is fabricated from fused deposition modeling (FDM)-type 3D printed mold. By simply attaching a printed lens or mirror onto the seam of the modular display, it is possible to secure seamless screen expansion technology with the various form factor of the display panel. In the case of micro-scale printed optical components, the color-convertible microlens is chosen, which act as a color converter and light extractor simultaneously in a light-emitting diode (LED). By electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing of quantum dot (QD)/photocurable polymer composite, QD-embedded hemispherical lens shape structures with various sizes are fabricated by adjusting printing conditions. Furthermore, it is applied to a blue micro-LED array for full-color micro-LED display applications. Finally, a tunable bio-inspired compound (BIC) eyes structure with a combination of dispensing and a dry-phase rubbing process is suggested as a hierarchical macro/micro-scale printed optical components. A hemispherical macrolens is formed by the dispensing method, followed by a dry-phase rubbing process for arranging micro particles in monolayer onto the curved surface of the macrolens. This hierarchical structure is replicated in soft materials, which have intrinsic stretchability. Microlens array is formed on the surface of the macrolens and acts as a rigid island, thereby maintaining lens shape, resolution, and focal length even though the mechanical strain is applied to overall hierarchical structures and the shape of the macrolens is changed. The primary purposes of this dissertation are to introduce new concepts of the enabling technologies for 3D printed optical components and to shed new light on them. Optical components can be easily made as 3D printing equipment becomes cheaper and more precise, so the field of Consumer optics or Do it yourself (DIY) optics will be gradually expanded on deformable and multi-scale optics. It is expected that this dissertation can contribute to providing a guideline for utilizing and customizing 3D printed optical components in next-generation display and imaging system applications.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Manufacturing Process 1 1.2. Additive Manufacturing 4 1.3. Printed Optical Components 8 1.4. Motivation and Organization of Dissertation 11 Chapter 2. Macro-scale Printed Optical Components 15 2.1. Introduction 15 2.2. Seamless Modular Flat Display with Printed Lens 20 2.2.1. Main Concept 20 2.2.2. Experimental Section 23 2.2.3. Results and Discussion 26 2.3. Seamless Modular Curved-edge Display with Printed Mirror 32 2.3.1. Main Concept 32 2.3.2. Experimental Section 33 2.3.3. Results and Discussion 36 2.4. Conclusion 46 Chapter 3. Micro-scale Printed Optical Components 47 3.1. Introduction 47 3.2. Full-color Micro-LED Array with Printed Color-convertible Microlens 52 3.2.1. Main Concept 52 3.2.2. Experimental Section 54 3.2.3. Results and Discussion 57 3.3. Conclusion 65 Chapter 4. Hierarchical Macro/Micro-scale Printed Optical Components 66 4.1. Introduction 66 4.2. Tunable Bio-inspired Compound Eye with Printing and Dry-phase Rubbing Process 69 4.2.1. Main Concept 69 4.2.2. Experimental Section 71 4.2.3. Results and Discussion 73 4.3. Conclusion 79 Chapter 5. Conclusion 80 5.1. Summary 80 5.2. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Researches 83 References 88 Abstract in Korean (๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก) 107Docto

    Advanced Materials and Assembly Strategies for Wearable Biosensors: A Review

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    Recent technological advances of soft functional materials and their assembly into wearable (i.e., on-skin) biosensors lead to the development of ground-breaking biomedical applications ranging from wearable health monitoring to drug delivery and to human-robot interactions. These wearable biosensors are capable of unobtrusively interfacing with the human skin and enabling long-term reliable monitoring of clinically useful biosignals associated with health and other conditions affecting well-being. Scalable assembly of diverse wearable biosensors has been realized through the elaborate combination of intrinsically stretchable materials including organic polymers or/and low-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials. In this Chapter, we review various types of wearable biosensors within the context of human health monitoring with a focus of their constituent materials, mechanics designs, and large-scale assembly strategies. In addition, we discuss the current challenges and potential future research directions at the end of this chapter
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