Lunar Orbiter 3 - Photographic Mission Summary

Systems performance, lunar photography, and launch operations of Lunar Orbiter 3 photographic mission. The third of five Lunar Orbiter spacecraft was successfully launched from Launch Complex 13 at the Air Force Eastern Test Range by an Atlas-Agena launch vehicle at 01:17 GMT on February 5,1967. Tracking data from the Cape Kennedy and Grand Bahama tracking stations were used to control and guide the launch vehicle during Atlas powered flight. The Agena-spacecraft combination was boosted to the proper coast ellipse by the Atlas booster prior to separation. Final 1 maneuvering and acceleration to the velocity required to maintain the 100-nautical-milealtitude Earth orbit was controlled by the preset on-board Agena computer. In addition, the Agena computer determined the maneuver and engine-burn period required to inject the spacecraft on the cislunar trajectory 20 minutes after launch. Tracking data from the downrange stations and the Johannesburg, South Africa station were used to monitor the entire boost trajectory

Sapping Features of the Colorado Plateau: a Comparative Planetary Geology Field Guide

This book is an attempt to determine geomorphic criteria to be used to distinguish between channels formed predominantly by sapping and seepage erosion and those formed principally by surface runoff processes. The geologic nature of the Colorado Plateau has resulted in geomorphic features that show similarities to some areas on Mars, especially certain valley networks within thick sandstone formations. Where spring sapping is an effective process, the valleys that develop are unique in terms of their morphology and network pattern

Mapping Genetic Influence on Brain Structure

Neuroimaging is playing an increasingly crucial role in delineating pathological conditions that cannot be typically defined by non-specific clinical symptom. The goal of this thesis was to characterize the genetic influence on grey and white matter indices and evaluate their potential as a reliable “structural MRI signatures”. We first assessed the effects of spatial resolution and smoothing on heritability estimation (Chapter 3). We then investigated heritability patterns of MRI measures of grey and white matter (Chapters 4-5). We then performed a cross-sectional evaluation of how heritability changes over the lifespan for both grey and white matter (Chapter 6). Finally, multivariate structural equation modeling was used to investigate the genetic correlation between grey matter structure and white matter connectivity (Chapter 7), in the default mode network (DMN). Our results show that several key brain structures were moderate to highly heritable and that this heritability was both spatially and temporally heterogeneous. At a network level, the DMN was found to have distinct genetic factors that modulated the grey matter regions and white matter tracts separately. We conclude that the spatial and temporal heterogeneity are likely to reflect gene expression patterns that are related to the developmental of specific brain regions and circuits over time

UAVs for the Environmental Sciences

This book gives an overview of the usage of UAVs in environmental sciences covering technical basics, data acquisition with different sensors, data processing schemes and illustrating various examples of application

The geologic and tectonic evolution of the Pan-African/Mozambique Belt in East Africa

The presence of ophiolite complexes in NE and E Africa has been documented using Landsat, field and geochemical studies. This has led to the recognition of five ophiolite belts. These ophiolite belts represent sutures marking the position of island arcs and could be traced to Saudi Arabia on a pre-Red Sea drift reconstruction. Most of the ophiolites are dismembered, their mode of occurrence varies widely resulting in different structural relationships. The Yubdo complex in Western Ethiopia is formed of harzburgite which grades into dunites and pyroxenitic units, a cumulate sequence of ultramafic and gabbroic rocks and sheeted dykes. The Baragoi complex in Kenya is formed of tectonised ultramafics with dunite and chromite pods, a cumulate sequence of ultramatic and gabbroic units and a dyke unit. Trace element data of the Baragoi complex shows a transitional MORB to IAT affinity, and the presence of boninites suggest a supra- subduction setting, while data from the Adola- Moyale belt (S Ethiopia- NE Kenya) indicate an island-arc and MORB geochemistry, which developed in a back-arc setting. The chromites of Baragoi and Moyale have high Cr2O3 which follow an ophiolitic trend. Major and trace element data for granitoids from W Ethiopia, S Ethiopia- NE Kenya and central Kenya indicate three geochemically distinct granitoid groups: volcanic are granitoids, crustal melt granitoids and within-plate granitoids. Calc-alkaline rocks predominate in W Ethiopia, whereas the proportion of crustal melts appear to increase going further south in S Ethiopia/ NE Kenya and central Kenya. Diorites form about 10 percent of Precambrian outcrop in NE Sudan, while further south diorites are almost insignificant. Only in NE Sudan, W Ethiopia and Saudi Arabia do diorites feature prominently. However the lack of extensive cats-alkaline volcanic rocks, could simply reflect relatively narrow oceans and insufficient subduction of oceanic crust to produce large quantities of calc-alkaline melts, while the increase in the proportion of crustal melt granitoids in the southern part of the Mozambique belt indicates crustal thickening due to continent-continent collision. This study shows that the major lineaments identified in the Horn of Africa trend 010 ± 100, 055-065° and 145-165°. The 010 ± 10° and 145-165° trending lineaments form conjugate sets, while a later deformation episode reactivated 145-165° (NW-SE) trending lineaments and caused 055-0650 (NE-SW) lineaments. Two deformation mechanisms most likely controlled the growth of the major fault zones. Structural and metamorphic evidence suggests that crustal shortening was severe in S Sudan, Kenya and SE Ethiopia as compared to Saudi Arabia, NE Sudan and N and W Ethiopia due to oblique collision from the southeast causing stacking of crustal blocks along NW trending faults. Regional geologic, tectonic and geochemical studies suggest rifting c. 1200 Ma which subsequently led to the development of intraoceanic arcs and associated marginal basins in the north and narrow basins within the sialic basement gneisses further south in Kenya and Tanzania. This was followed by continent- continent collision which led to accretion of island arcs by mild collision from the northeast in Saudi Arabia and NE Sudan and severe crustal shortening In S Sudan, Kenya and SE Ethiopia as compared to Saudi Arabia, NE Sudan and N and W Ethiopia due to oblique collision from the southeast

A Three dimensional spatial reconstruction of the left ventricle and analysis of ventricular geometry / by Nicola L. Fazzalari

This electronic version is made publicly available by the University of Adelaide in accordance with its open access policy for student theses. Copyright in this thesis remains with the author. This thesis may incorporate third party material which has been used by the author pursuant to Fair Dealing exceptions. If you are the owner of any included third party copyright material you wish to be removed from this electronic version, please complete the take down form located at: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/legalsThesis--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Pathology, 198

Two-photon calcium imaging of neocortical projection neurons in whisker somatosensory cortex during goal-directed sensorimotor learning

Abstract Excitatory projection neurons of the neocortex are thought to play important roles in per-ceptual and cognitive functions of the brain by directly connecting diverse cortical and subcortical areas. However, many aspects of the anatomical and functional organization of these inter-areal connections are unknown. The mouse primary somatosensory whisk-er barrel cortex (S1) serves as an important model for investigating the mammalian neo-cortex, and, here, I firstly investigate the structure and secondly the function of a specific subset of S1 cortico-cortical long-range projection neurons. In the first part of my thesis, I studied long-range axonal projections of excitatory layer 2/3 neurons with cell bodies located in S1. As a population, these neurons densely projected to secondary whisker somatosensory cortex (S2) and primary/secondary whisker motor cortex (M1/2), with additional axon in the dysgranular zone surrounding the barrel field, perirhinal temporal association cortex and striatum. The execution of a goal-directed behavior requires the brain to process incoming sensory information from the environment in a context-, learning- and motivation-dependent manner in order to perform specific motor actions. Cortico-cortical communica-tion in the context of goal-directed sensorimotor transformation has begun to be studied, but little is known about how signaling between interconnected cortical areas is modified by sensorimotor learning, as well as in response to changes in reward contingencies. Hence, in the second part of my thesis, I studied cortico-cortical dynamics in primary whisker somatosensory barrel cortex (S1) of mice during a combined whisker and audito-ry task. Using transgenic mice expressing GCaMP6f combined with two-photon micros-copy and retrograde labeling techniques, I chronically monitored the activity of excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in S1 projecting to M1 or S2, while mice learned the behavioral switch task. The results demonstrated that both classes of neurons responded after whisker and auditory stimulation. However, the whisker stimulus evoked response was stronger than the auditory stimulus evoked response. Neurons projecting to S2 exhibited stronger re-sponses compared to neurons projecting to M1 neurons. Those responses remained rela-tively stable across training sessions and under different reward conditions. Furthermore, both classes of neurons responded during spontaneous licking, but neurons projecting to S2 had larger licking-related responses compared to neurons projecting to M1. This work therefore furthers our knowledge of the structure and function of specific types of cortical projection neurons, which is a necessary step towards detailed under-standing of how sensory information might be signaled from primary sensory areas to downstream brain regions for further processing

Geomorphology from space: A global overview of regional landforms

This book, Geomorphology from Space: A Global Overview of Regional Landforms, was published by NASA STIF as a successor to the two earlier works on the same subject: Mission to Earth: LANDSAT views the Earth, and ERTS-1: A New Window on Our Planet. The purpose of the book is threefold: first, to serve as a stimulant in rekindling interest in descriptive geomorphology and landforms analysis at the regional scale; second, to introduce the community of geologists, geographers, and others who analyze the Earth's surficial forms to the practical value of space-acquired remotely sensed data in carrying out their research and applications; and third, to foster more scientific collaboration between geomorphologists who are studying the Earth's landforms and astrogeologists who analyze landforms on other planets and moons in the solar system, thereby strengthening the growing field of comparative planetology