13,936 research outputs found
LFI 30 and 44 GHz receivers Back-End Modules
The 30 and 44 GHz Back End Modules (BEM) for the Planck Low Frequency
Instrument are broadband receivers (20% relative bandwidth) working at room
temperature. The signals coming from the Front End Module are amplified, band
pass filtered and finally converted to DC by a detector diode. Each receiver
has two identical branches following the differential scheme of the Planck
radiometers. The BEM design is based on MMIC Low Noise Amplifiers using GaAs
P-HEMT devices, microstrip filters and Schottky diode detectors. Their
manufacturing development has included elegant breadboard prototypes and
finally qualification and flight model units. Electrical, mechanical and
environmental tests were carried out for the characterization and verification
of the manufactured BEMs. A description of the 30 and 44 GHz Back End Modules
of Planck-LFI radiometers is given, with details of the tests done to determine
their electrical and environmental performances. The electrical performances of
the 30 and 44 GHz Back End Modules: frequency response, effective bandwidth,
equivalent noise temperature, 1/f noise and linearity are presented
Synchronization of stochastic hybrid oscillators driven by a common switching environment
Many systems in biology, physics and chemistry can be modeled through
ordinary differential equations, which are piecewise smooth, but switch between
different states according to a Markov jump process. In the fast switching
limit, the dynamics converges to a deterministic ODE. In this paper we suppose
that this limit ODE supports a stable limit cycle. We demonstrate that a set of
such oscillators can synchronize when they are uncoupled, but they share the
same switching Markov jump process. The latter is taken to represent the effect
of a common randomly switching environment. We determine the leading order of
the Lyapunov coefficient governing the rate of decay of the phase difference in
the fast switching limit. The analysis bears some similarities to the classical
analysis of synchronization of stochastic oscillators subject to common white
noise. However the discrete nature of the Markov jump process raises some
difficulties: in fact we find that the Lyapunov coefficient from the
quasi-steady-state approximation differs from the Lyapunov coefficient one
obtains from a second order perturbation expansion in the waiting time between
jumps. Finally, we demonstrate synchronization numerically in the radial
isochron clock model and show that the latter Lyapinov exponent is more
accurate
How is Gaze Influenced by Image Transformations? Dataset and Model
Data size is the bottleneck for developing deep saliency models, because
collecting eye-movement data is very time consuming and expensive. Most of
current studies on human attention and saliency modeling have used high quality
stereotype stimuli. In real world, however, captured images undergo various
types of transformations. Can we use these transformations to augment existing
saliency datasets? Here, we first create a novel saliency dataset including
fixations of 10 observers over 1900 images degraded by 19 types of
transformations. Second, by analyzing eye movements, we find that observers
look at different locations over transformed versus original images. Third, we
utilize the new data over transformed images, called data augmentation
transformation (DAT), to train deep saliency models. We find that label
preserving DATs with negligible impact on human gaze boost saliency prediction,
whereas some other DATs that severely impact human gaze degrade the
performance. These label preserving valid augmentation transformations provide
a solution to enlarge existing saliency datasets. Finally, we introduce a novel
saliency model based on generative adversarial network (dubbed GazeGAN). A
modified UNet is proposed as the generator of the GazeGAN, which combines
classic skip connections with a novel center-surround connection (CSC), in
order to leverage multi level features. We also propose a histogram loss based
on Alternative Chi Square Distance (ACS HistLoss) to refine the saliency map in
terms of luminance distribution. Extensive experiments and comparisons over 3
datasets indicate that GazeGAN achieves the best performance in terms of
popular saliency evaluation metrics, and is more robust to various
perturbations. Our code and data are available at:
https://github.com/CZHQuality/Sal-CFS-GAN
A Communication Monitor for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Software Defined Radio
Link quality estimation of reliability-crucial wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is often limited by the observability and testability of single-chip radio transceivers. The estimation is often based on collection of packer-level statistics, including packet reception rate, or vendor-specific registers, such as CC2420's Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator (LQI). The speed or accuracy of such metrics limits the performance of reliability mechanisms built in wireless sensor networks. To improve link quality estimation in WSNs, we designed a powerful wireless communication monitor based on Software Defined Radio (SDR). We studied the relations between three implemented link quality metrics and packet reception rate under different channel conditions. Based on a comparison of the metrics' relative advantages, we proposed using a combination of them for fast and accurate estimation of a sensor network link
Photonic microwave harmonic generator driven by an optoelectronic ring oscillator
We describe a new architecture to generate microwave signals by optical means. Our system combines the advantages of two techniques: frequency multipliers and loop
oscillators. A frequency multiplier allows to obtain high
frequencies using frequency harmonic generation,
nevertheless, a very good quality reference signal is necessary to drive the system. In our setup, this reference signal is obtained using a loop oscillator. Optoelectronic loop oscillators generate signals with good performance in terms of phase noise and linewidth. We present the theory related to those techniques and the experimental data obtained
Projection image-to-image translation in hybrid X-ray/MR imaging
The potential benefit of hybrid X-ray and MR imaging in the interventional
environment is large due to the combination of fast imaging with high contrast
variety. However, a vast amount of existing image enhancement methods requires
the image information of both modalities to be present in the same domain. To
unlock this potential, we present a solution to image-to-image translation from
MR projections to corresponding X-ray projection images. The approach is based
on a state-of-the-art image generator network that is modified to fit the
specific application. Furthermore, we propose the inclusion of a gradient map
in the loss function to allow the network to emphasize high-frequency details
in image generation. Our approach is capable of creating X-ray projection
images with natural appearance. Additionally, our extensions show clear
improvement compared to the baseline method.Comment: In proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging 201
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