7,133 research outputs found

    Temporally Biased Search Result Snippets

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    The search engine result snippets are an important source of information for the user to obtain quick insights into the corresponding result documents. When the search terms are too general, like a person\u27s name or a company\u27s name, creating an appropriate snippet that effectively summarizes the document\u27s content can be challenging owing to multiple occurrences of the search term in the top ranked documents, without a simple means to select a subset of sentences containing them to form result snippet. In web pages classified as narratives and news articles, multiple references to explicit, implicit and relative temporal expressions can be found. Based on these expressions, the sentences can be ordered on a timeline. In this thesis, we propose the idea of generation of an alternate search results snippet, by exploiting these temporal expressions embedded within the pages, using a timeline map. Our method of snippets generation is mainly targeted at general search terms. At present, when the search terms are too general, the existing systems generate static snippets for resultant pages like displaying the first line. In our approach, we introduce an alternate method of extracting and selecting temporal data from these pages to adapt a snippet to be a more effective summary. Specifically, it selects and blends temporally interesting sentences. Using weighted kappa measure, we evaluate our approach by comparing snippets generated for multiple search terms based on existing systems and snippets generated by using our approach

    Evaluating the effectiveness of object-oriented metrics for bug prediction

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    In our experiments we examined the general relationship between object-oriented metrics and the fault-proneness of classes. We analyzed a large open-source program called Mozilla, calculated 58 object-oriented metrics for Mozilla at the class level \cite FSG04, collected the reported and corrected bugs from the bug tracking system of Mozilla and associated them with the classes. We applied logistic regression to examine which metrics could be used to predict the fault proneness of the classes. We found that 17 of the 58 object-oriented metrics were useful predictors, but to a different extent. The CBO (Coupling Between Object classes) metric was the best, but it was only slightly better than NOI (Number of Outgoing Invocations) and RFC (Response Set for a Class), which proved useful as well. We also examined the metrics in terms of their categories and we found that coupling metrics were the best predictors for finding bugs, but the complexity and size metrics also gave good results. On the other hand, in tests all the inheritance-related metrics were statistically insignificant

    Abstract runtime monitoring with USE

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    Adsorption and photodecomposition of formic acid on rutile TiO2 (110) have been investigated with infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) employing p- and s-polarized light along the [001] and [ 11⎯⎯0 ] crystal directions. The single crystal surfaces were prepared either by sputtering and annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to obtain a reduced surface (r-TiO2), or by sputtering without annealing to create a rough, highly defective surface (sp-TiO2). Results are compared with corresponding measurements on rutile nanocrystals performed in synthetic air. IRRAS spectra obtained on r-TiO2 and rutile nanocrystals are very similar, and show that in both cases formic acid dissociates and is predominately adsorbed as a bridging bidentate formate species, and that the formate adsorption structure on the nanocrystals is dominated by interactions with majority (110) surfaces. In contrast, the IRRAS spectra on sp-TiO2 are different, with only minor spectral features associated with (110) surfaces and lost azimuthal symmetry, both of which imply changed adsorption geometry due to bonding to low-coordinated Ti atoms with lower valences. The UV-induced rate of formate photodecomposition is about 30 times higher on rutile nanocrystals in synthetic air compared with sp-TiO2 under UHV conditions, and even larger than on r-TiO2. These differences are explained by the lack of oxygen and limited hydroxyl coverage under UHV conditions. The difference in reactivity between the r-TiO2 and sp-TiO2 surfaces is attributed to a high concentration of strongly bonded bridging bidentate formate species on the (110) surface, which lowers its reactivity. The results point to a pressure gap where the availability of molecular oxygen and the hydroxyl concentration limit the photoreactivity in UHV leading to an almost 20-fold decrease of the formate degradation rate in UHV. In contrast, the structure represented by the single crystal (110) surface is shown to capture the essential structural properties, which dictates the formic acid adsorption and adsorption structure of rutile nanocrystals

    4D Ariadne the Static Debugger of Java Programs

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    Development environments support the programmer in numerous ways from syntax highlighting to different refactoring and code generating methods. However, there are cases where these tools are limited or not usable, such as getting familiar with large and complex source codes written by a third person; finding the complexities of huge projects or finding semantic errors.In this paper we present our static analyzer tool, called 4D Ariadne, which concentrates on these problems. 4D Ariadne is a static debugger of Object Oriented applications written in Java programming language. It calculates data dependencies of objects being able to compute them both forward and backward. As 4D Ariadne provides only the direct influences to the user, it can be considered as an alternative of traditional debuggers, without executing the code. 4D Ariadne also provides dynamic call graphs representing polymorphic properties of objects
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