Extensional Rewriting with Sums

Abstract. Inspired by recent work on normalisation by evaluation for sums, we propose a normalising and confluent extensional rewriting theory for the simply-typed λ-calculus extended with sum types. As a corollary of confluence we obtain decidability for the extensional equational theory of simply-typed λ-calculus extended with sum types. Unlike previous decidability results, which rely on advanced rewriting techniques or advanced category theory, we only use standard techniques.

Multi-Focusing on Extensional Rewriting with Sums

International audienceWe propose a logical justification for the rewriting-based equivalence procedure for simply-typed lambda-terms with sums of Lindley [Lin07]. It relies on maximally multi-focused proofs, a notion of canonical derivations introduced for linear logic. Lindley's rewriting closely corresponds to preemptive rewriting [CMS08], a technical device used in the meta-theory of maximal multi-focus

The exp-log normal form of types

Lambda calculi with algebraic data types lie at the core of functional programming languages and proof assistants, but conceal at least two fundamental theoretical problems already in the presence of the simplest non-trivial data type, the sum type. First, we do not know of an explicit and implemented algorithm for deciding the beta-eta-equality of terms---and this in spite of the first decidability results proven two decades ago. Second, it is not clear how to decide when two types are essentially the same, i.e. isomorphic, in spite of the meta-theoretic results on decidability of the isomorphism. In this paper, we present the exp-log normal form of types---derived from the representation of exponential polynomials via the unary exponential and logarithmic functions---that any type built from arrows, products, and sums, can be isomorphically mapped to. The type normal form can be used as a simple heuristic for deciding type isomorphism, thanks to the fact that it is a systematic application of the high-school identities. We then show that the type normal form allows to reduce the standard beta-eta equational theory of the lambda calculus to a specialized version of itself, while preserving the completeness of equality on terms. We end by describing an alternative representation of normal terms of the lambda calculus with sums, together with a Coq-implemented converter into/from our new term calculus. The difference with the only other previously implemented heuristic for deciding interesting instances of eta-equality by Balat, Di Cosmo, and Fiore, is that we exploit the type information of terms substantially and this often allows us to obtain a canonical representation of terms without performing sophisticated term analyses

What's Decidable About Sequences?

We present a first-order theory of sequences with integer elements, Presburger arithmetic, and regular constraints, which can model significant properties of data structures such as arrays and lists. We give a decision procedure for the quantifier-free fragment, based on an encoding into the first-order theory of concatenation; the procedure has PSPACE complexity. The quantifier-free fragment of the theory of sequences can express properties such as sortedness and injectivity, as well as Boolean combinations of periodic and arithmetic facts relating the elements of the sequence and their positions (e.g., "for all even i's, the element at position i has value i+3 or 2i"). The resulting expressive power is orthogonal to that of the most expressive decidable logics for arrays. Some examples demonstrate that the fragment is also suitable to reason about sequence-manipulating programs within the standard framework of axiomatic semantics.Comment: Fixed a few lapses in the Mergesort exampl

The Confluent Terminating Context-Free Substitutive Rewriting System for the lambda-Calculus with Surjective Pairing and Terminal Type

For the lambda-calculus with surjective pairing and terminal type, Curien and Di Cosmo, inspired by Knuth-Bendix completion, introduced a confluent rewriting system of the naive rewriting system. Their system is a confluent (CR) rewriting system stable under contexts. They left the strong normalization (SN) of their rewriting system open. By Girard\u27s reducibility method with restricting reducibility theorem, we prove SN of their rewriting, and SN of the extensions by polymorphism and (terminal types caused by parametric polymorphism). We extend their system by sum types and eta-like reductions, and prove the SN. We compare their system to type-directed expansions

\Sigma\Pi-polycategories, additive linear logic, and process semantics

We present a process semantics for the purely additive fragment of linear logic in which formulas denote protocols and (equivalence classes of) proofs denote multi-channel concurrent processes. The polycategorical model induced by this process semantics is shown to be equivalent to the free polycategory based on the syntax (i.e., it is full and faithfully complete). This establishes that the additive fragment of linear logic provides a semantics of concurrent processes. Another property of this semantics is that it gives a canonical representation of proofs in additive linear logic. This arXived version omits Section 1.7.1: "Circuit diagrams for polycategories" as the Xy-pic diagrams would not compile due to lack of memory. For a complete version see "http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~pastroc/".Comment: 175 pages, University of Calgary Master's thesi

Univalence for free

We present an internalization of the 2-groupoid interpretation of the calculus of construction that allows to realize the univalence axiom, proof irrelevance and reasoning modulo. As an example, we show that in our setting, the type of Church integers is equal to the inductive type of natural numbers

Decidability for Non-Standard Conversions in Typed Lambda-Calculi

This thesis studies the decidability of conversions in typed lambda-calculi, along with the algorithms allowing for this decidability. Our study takes in consideration conversions going beyond the traditional beta, eta, or permutative conversions (also called commutative conversions). To decide these conversions, two classes of algorithms compete, the algorithms based on rewriting, here the goal is to decompose and orient the conversion so as to obtain a convergent system, these algorithms then boil down to rewrite the terms until they reach an irreducible forms; and the "reduction free" algorithms where the conversion is decided recursively by a detour via a meta-language. Throughout this thesis, we strive to explain the latter thanks to the former

On the strength of proof-irrelevant type theories

We present a type theory with some proof-irrelevance built into the conversion rule. We argue that this feature is useful when type theory is used as the logical formalism underlying a theorem prover. We also show a close relation with the subset types of the theory of PVS. We show that in these theories, because of the additional extentionality, the axiom of choice implies the decidability of equality, that is, almost classical logic. Finally we describe a simple set-theoretic semantics.Comment: 20 pages, Logical Methods in Computer Science, Long version of IJCAR 2006 pape