20 research outputs found

    Pemodelan Dan Simulasi VANETs Menggunakan Federated Mobility Model; Sebuah Artikel Tinjauan

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    The emergence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) as part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology development was expected to become an advanced method to solve the transportation system problem. The implementation of VANETs is expected to provide a new solution for traffic management strategy. Its main targets is to continue prioritizing traffic safety and to prevent the accidents on the roads. One of the VANETs problems before being implemented in the real world is the degree of freedom of the vehicle's mobility that limited by the road topologies. Various modellings and simulations have been performed to produce the most realistic mobility model. However, those models had become new paradigms due to various factors that limited them. The presence of the federated mobility model as an approach for traffic mobility modeling is considered to be able to provide more realistic and accurate VANETs simulation. Therefore, this article presents some brief reviews and contrast a number of the simulation and mobility models that have been used widely as compared to the federated mobility models that have developed until the present. The article's objective is to facilitate a better understanding of the traffic mobility modeling for the VANETs simulation that started from the interaction process until the integration between simulators. The understanding of the traffic mobility models will complement the knowledge that enable to perform the simulation of the VANETs implementation approaching the real conditions

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    Cooperative Vehicular Platooning (Co-VP) is a paradigmatic example of a Cooperative Cyber-Physical System (Co-CPS), which holds the potential to vastly improve road safety by partially removing humans from the driving task. However, the challenges are substantial, as the domain involves several topics, such as control theory, communications, vehicle dynamics, security, and traffic engineering, that must be coupled to describe, develop and validate these systems of systems accurately. This work presents a comprehensive survey of significant and recent advances in Co-VP relevant fields. We start by overviewing the work on control strategies and underlying communication infrastructures, focusing on their interplay. We also address a fundamental concern by presenting a cyber-security overview regarding these systems. Furthermore, we present and compare the primary initiatives to test and validate those systems, including simulation tools, hardware-in-the-loop setups, and vehicular testbeds. Finally, we highlight a few open challenges in the Co-VP domain. This work aims to provide a fundamental overview of highly relevant works on Co-VP topics, particularly by exposing their inter-dependencies, facilitating a guide that will support further developments in this challenging field.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pemodelan dan Simulasi VANETs Menggunakan Federated Mobility Model; Sebuah Artikel Tinjauan

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    The emergence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) as part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology development was expected to become an advanced method to solve the transportation system problem. The implementation of VANETs is expected to provide a new solution for traffic management strategy. Its main targets is to continue prioritizing traffic safety and to prevent the accidents on the roads. One of the VANETs problems before being implemented in the real world is the degree of freedom of the vehicle's mobility that limited by the road topologies. Various modellings and simulations have been performed to produce the most realistic mobility model. However, those models had become new paradigms due to various factors that limited them. The presence of the federated mobility model as an approach for traffic mobility modeling is considered to be able to provide more realistic and accurate VANETs simulation. Therefore, this article presents some brief reviews and contrast a number of the simulation and mobility models that have been used widely as compared to the federated mobility models that have developed until the present. The article's objective is to facilitate a better understanding of the traffic mobility modeling for the VANETs simulation that started from the interaction process until the integration between simulators. The understanding of the traffic mobility models will complement the knowledge that enable to perform the simulation of the VANETs implementation approaching the real conditions

    Proof of Travel for Trust-Based Data Validation in V2I Communication Part I: Methodology

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    Previous work on misbehavior detection and trust management for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication can identify falsified and malicious messages, enabling witness vehicles to report observations about high-criticality traffic events. However, there may not exist enough "benign" vehicles with V2X connectivity or vehicle owners who are willing to opt-in in the early stages of connected-vehicle deployment. In this paper, we propose a security protocol for the communication between vehicles and infrastructure, titled Proof-of-Travel (POT), to answer the research question: How can we transform the power of cryptography techniques embedded within the protocol into social and economic mechanisms to simultaneously incentivize Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) data sharing activities and validate the data? The key idea is to determine the reputation of and the contribution made by a vehicle based on its distance traveled and the information it shared through V2I channels. In particular, the total vehicle miles traveled for a vehicle must be testified by digital signatures signed by each infrastructure component along the path of its movement. While building a chain of proofs of spatial movement creates burdens for malicious vehicles, acquiring proofs does not result in extra cost for normal vehicles, which naturally want to move from the origin to the destination. The proof of travel for a vehicle can then be used to determine the contribution and reward by its altruistic behaviors. We propose short-term and long-term incentive designs based on the POT protocol and evaluate their security and performance through theoretical analysis and simulations

    An Emulation Framework for Evaluating V2X Communications in C-ITS Applications

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    C-ITS enhances transportation systems with advanced communication tech, enabling vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure data exchange for real-time decision-making. The thesis explores C-ITS concepts, DSRC, and C-V2X tech, and proposes a versatile C-ITS framework for app prototyping and communication evaluation. Real-world tests and simulations validate its potential to improve road safety and efficiency, suggesting integration opportunities for stakeholders and promoting a smarter, sustainable transportation ecosystem

    A simulation approach for increased safety in advanced C-ITS scenarios

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    Com os recentes desenvolvimentos em diferentes áreas de conhecimento, como redes de comunicação sem fio e sensores, bem como a evolução recente em vários tópicos na área da Computação, os Sistemas Inteligentes e Cooperativos de Transporte (CITSs) tornaram-se um tema muito importante, e espera-se que comecem a ser cada vez mais implementados num futuro próximo. Nesta tese, é feita uma análise sobre estes sistemas e diferentes possiveis cenários focando no cenário de Platooning, assim como sobre comunicações Veículo-a-Tudo (V2X) com foco no ETSI ITS-G5, o standard europeu mais amplamente aceite na indústria automóvel para este tipo de comunicações. O desenvolvimento de duas ferramentas de co-simulação para análise de cenários C-ITS usando comunicações veículo para veículo (V2V), foi feito no contexto desta tese. COPADRIVe é uma ferramenta de co-simulação que junta um simulador de rede e um simulador robótico. A outra ferramenta de co-simulação, é uma ferramenta hardware-in-the-loop que úne um simulador robótico com comunicações feitas através de hardware real, On-Board units (OBUs). Ambas as ferramentas foram desenvolvidas e usadas como forma de análise e teste de situações de Platooning e componentes de software para implementação neste tipo de cenários. Este desenvolvimento teve origem na necessidade de existência deste tipo de ferramentas para suporte dos desenvolvimentos feitos no contexto dos Projetos europeus de I&D SafeCOP e ENABLE-S3, onde o CISTER participava ativamente.With the developments in different areas like Wireless Communication Networks and sensors, as well as, the recent evolution on various topics on Computing, Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems(C-ITSs) became a hot topic for research, and are expected to be increasingly deployed in the future. From the different possible scenarios, in this thesis, we focus in analyzing Cooperative Platooning and particularly, in enabling a set of simulation tools capable of encompassing the supporting Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X) communications guaranteed by the ETSI ITS-G5, the most widely accepted European standard on the automotive industry for these kind of communications. Therefore this thesis presents the development of two co-simulation tools for analysis of C-ITS scenarios using Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V) communications. First, COPADRIVe is a co-simulation tool joining together a network simulator and a robotic simulator. The other co-simulation tool, uses a a hardware-in-theloop approach one bridging a robotic simulator with real communications via OnBoard-Units (OBUs). Both tools were developed and used as the means to test and analyze Platooning scenarios and software components relevant in such applications, importantly. These tools’ were developed in line with the R&D European Projects SafeCOP and ENABLE-S3, where CISTER was and active participant

    The Pull Paradigm : foundations of user-centric advanced driver assistant systems based on bidirectional car2X communication

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    This thesis develops applications for vehicular ad-hoc networks that go far beyond the currently established areas of driving safety and traffic efficiency. The ad-hoc network is regarded as a dynamic information resource which is available to any vehicle at any time. In contrast to current state-of-the-art research, the proposed Pull Paradigm starts at the user\u27s vehicle rather than at an information source somewhere in the network, e.g. a braking car. To access information from highly dynamic ad-hoc networks, bidirectional communication and information discovery and retrieval play a vital role. Therefore, in the course of the work, the applicability of the Pull Paradigm to established vehicular ad-hoc networks is thoroughly examined and missing aspects are identified. It turns out that a number of enhancements to almost all layers of the network stack are necessary in order to apply the Pull Paradigm using existing technology. The central elements here are two novel algorithms for managing information flow and dissemination in ad-hoc networks, which are at first formulated from the abstract perspective of graph theory. Using the knowledge gained leads to the development of PADE, a platform that supports development of vehicular ad-hoc network applications. The designed algorithms are then implemented as a routing scheme, integrated and evaluated in large, simulated city scenarios. Furthermore, PADE combines real\u27\u27 and simulated communication technologies and abstracts from them, so that applications can be transferred from the lab into a test vehicle with minimal effort. In order to achieve this ambitious goal, PADE builds on a number of existing simulation and communication technologies. The practical applicability of the Pull approach is shown in two demonstrators that are integrated into a BMW 5 series test vehicle. The presentation module of the PADE platform was tested in the currently largest field operational test for vehicular ad-hoc communication. Over 400 drivers in 120 vehicles experienced the system on a daily basis.In dieser Doktorarbeit werden Anwendungen für Fahrzeug Ad-hoc Netzwerke erarbeitet, die weit über die derzeit etablierten Bereiche der Fahrsicherheit und Verkehrseffizienz hinausgehen. Das Ad-hoc Netzwerk wird dabei als dynamische Informationsressource angesehen, die jedem Fahrzeug zu jedem Zeitpunkt zur Verfügung steht. Im Gegensatz zum derzeitigen Stand der Forschung geht das vorgestellte Pull Paradigma vom Fahrzeug des Benutzers und nicht von der Informationsquelle aus, z.B. einem bremsenden Fahrzeug. Für den Zugriff auf Informationen aus hochdynamischen Ad-hoc Netzen, spielen bidirektionale Kommunikation, Informationssuche und -rücktransport eine entscheidende Rolle. Im Verlauf der Arbeit wird deshalb die Anwendbarkeit des Pull Paradigmas auf etablierte Fahrzeug Ad-hoc Netze untersucht und fehlende Aspekte identifiziert. Es zeigt sich, dass eine Reihe an Erweiterungen auf fast allen Ebenen des Netzwerkstapels nötig sind damit die bestehende Technologie um das Pull Paradigma erweitert werden kann. Zentraler Punkt hierbei sind zwei neuartige Algorithmen zur Informationsverwaltung und -verbreitung in Ad-hoc Netzwerken die zunächst abstrakt aus Sicht der Graphentheorie formuliert werden. Mit Hilfe der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wird PADE, eine Plattform zur Entwicklung von Anwendungen für Fahrzeug Ad-hoc Netze, entwickelt. Die entworfenen Algorithmen werden dann als Routingverfahren im Netzwerkstapel realisiert, in diesen integriert und auf großflächigen Stadtszenarien im Simulator evaluiert. Des Weiteren vereint PADE echte\u27\u27 und simulierte Kommunikationstechnologien und abstrahiert von diesen, sodass Anwendungen mit minimalem Aufwand vom Labor in ein Testfahrzeug überführt werden können. Um dieses ambitionierte Ziel zu erreichen, wird auf einer Reihe bereits bestehender Simulations- und Kommunikationstechnologien aufgebaut. Die praktische Anwendbarkeit des Pull Paradigmas wird anschließend in zwei Demonstratoren implementiert und in ein BMW 5er Testfahrzeug integriert. Das Präsentationsmodul der PADE Plattform wurde im derzeit weltgrößten Feldversuch für Fahrzeug Ad-hoc Kommunikation von über 400 Fahrern in 120 Fahrzeugen im Alltag getestet

    Real time collision warning system in the context of vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange based on drivings behaviours analysis

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    Worldwide injuries in vehicle accidents have been on the rise in recent years, mainly due to driver error regardless of technological innovations and advancements for vehicle safety. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable-real time warning system that can alert drivers of a potential collision. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) is an extensive area of ongoing research and development which has started to revolutionize the driving experience. Driving behaviour is a subject of extensive research which gains special attention due to the relationship between speeding behaviour and crashes as drivers who engage in frequent and extreme speeding behaviour are overinvolved in crashes. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) set guidelines on how different vehicle automation levels may reduce vehicle crashes and how the use of on-board short-range sensors coupled with V2V technologies can help facilitate communication among vehicles. Based on the previous works, it can be seen that the assessment of drivers’ behaviours using their trajectory data is a fresh and open research field. Most studies related to driving behaviours in terms of acceleration�deceleration are evaluated at the laboratory scale using experimental results from actual vehicles. Towards this end, a five-stage methodology for a new collision warning system in the context of V2V based on driving behaviours has been designed. Real-time V2V hardware for data collection purposes was developed. Driving behaviour was analyzed in different timeframes prior obtained from actual driving behaviour in an urban environment collected from OBD-II adapter and GPS data logger of an instrumented vehicle. By measuring the in-vehicle accelerations, it is possible to categorize the driving behaviour into four main classes based on real-time experiments: safe drivers, normal, aggressive, and dangerous drivers. When the vehicle is in a risk situation, the system based on NRF24L01+PA/LNA, GPS, and OBD-II will pass a signal to the driver using a dedicated LCD and LED light signal. The driver can instantly decide to make the vehicle in a safe mood, effectively avoid the happening of vehicle accidents. The proposed solution provides two main functions: (1) the detection of the dangerous vehicles involved in the road, and (2) the display of a message informing the driver if it is safe or unsafe to pass. System performance was evaluated to ensure that it achieved the primary objective of improving road safety in the extreme behaviour of the driver in question either the safest (or the least aggressive) and the most unsafe (or the most aggressive). The proposed methodology has retained some advantages for other literature studies because of the simultaneous use of speed, acceleration, and vehicle location. The V2V based on driving behaviour experiments shows the effectiveness of the selected approach predicts behaviour with an accuracy of over 87% in sixty-four real-time scenarios presented its capability to detect behaviour and provide a warning to nearby drivers. The system failed detection only in few times when the receiving vehicle missed data due to high speed during the test as well as the distances between the moving vehicles, the data was not received correctly since the power transmitted, the frequency range of the signals, the antenna relative positions, and the number of in-range vehicles are of interest for the V2V test scenarios. The latter result supports the conclusion that warnings that efficiently and quickly transmit their information may be better when driver are under stress or time pressure
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