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    Hybrid Neural Networks with Attention-based Multiple Instance Learning for Improved Grain Identification and Grain Yield Predictions

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    Agriculture is a critical part of the world's food production, being a vital aspect of all societies. Procedures need to be adjusted to their specific environment because of their climate and field condition disparity. Existing research has demonstrated the potential of grain yield predictions on Norwegian farms. However, this research is limited to regional analytics, which is unable to acquire sufficient plant growth factors influenced by field conditions and farmers' decisions. One factor critical for yield prediction is the crop type planted on a per-field basis. This research effort proposes a novel approach for improving crop yield predictions using a hybrid deep neural network utilizing temporal satellite imagery from a remote sensing system. Additionally, We apply a variety of data, including grain production, meteorological data, and geographical data. The crop yield prediction system is supported by a field-based crop type classification model, which supplies features related to crop type and field area. Our crop classification system takes advantage of both raw satellite images as well as carefully chosen vegetation indices. Further, we propose a multi-class attention-based deep multiple instance learning model to utilize semi-labeled datasets, fully benefiting Norwegian data acquisition. Our best crop classification model, which consists of a time distributed network and a gated recurrent unit, classifies crop types with an accuracy of 70\% and is currently state-of-the-art for country-wide crop type mapping in Norway. Lastly, our yield prediction system enables realistic in-season early predictions that could benefit actors in real-life scenarios
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