1,252 research outputs found
A Model-Driven Architecture Approach to the Efficient Identification of Services on Service-oriented Enterprise Architecture
Service-Oriented Enterprise Architecture requires the efficient development of loosely-coupled and interoperable sets of services. Existing design approaches do not always take full advantage of the value and importance of the engineering invested in existing legacy systems. This paper proposes an approach to define the key services from such legacy systems effectively. The approach focuses on identifying these services based on a Model-Driven Architecture approach supported by guidelines over a wide range of possible service types
A novel model for improving the maintainability of web-based systems
Web applications incorporate important business assets and offer a convenient way for
businesses to promote their services through the internet. Many of these web applica-
tions have evolved from simple HTML pages to complex applications that have a high
maintenance cost. This is due to the inherent characteristics of web applications, to
the fast internet evolution and to the pressing market which imposes short development
cycles and frequent modifications. In order to control the maintenance cost, quantita-
tive metrics and models for predicting web applications’ maintainability must be used.
Maintainability metrics and models can be useful for predicting maintenance cost, risky
components and can help in assessing and choosing between different software artifacts.
Since, web applications are different from traditional software systems, models and met-
rics for traditional systems can not be applied with confidence to web applications. Web
applications have special features such as hypertext structure, dynamic code generation
and heterogenousity that can not be captured by traditional and object-oriented metrics.
This research explores empirically the relationships between new UML design met-
rics based on Conallen’s extension for web applications and maintainability. UML web
design metrics are used to gauge whether the maintainability of a system can be im-
proved by comparing and correlating the results with different measures of maintain-
ability. We studied the relationship between our UML metrics and the following main-
tainability measures: Understandability Time (the time spent on understanding the soft-
ware artifact in order to complete the questionnaire), Modifiability Time(the time spent
on identifying places for modification and making those modifications on the software
artifact), LOC (absolute net value of the total number of lines added and deleted for com-
ponents in a class diagram), and nRev (total number of revisions for components in a class diagram). Our results gave an indication that there is a possibility for a relationship
to exist between our metrics and modifiability time. However, the results did not show
statistical significance on the effect of the metrics on understandability time. Our results
showed that there is a relationship between our metrics and LOC(Lines of Code). We
found that the following metrics NAssoc, NClientScriptsComp, NServerScriptsComp,
and CoupEntropy explained the effort measured by LOC(Lines of Code). We found that
NC, and CoupEntropy metrics explained the effort measured by nRev(Number of Revi-
sions). Our results give a first indication of the usefulness of the UML design metrics,
they show that there is a reasonable chance that useful prediction models can be built
from early UML design metrics
An ontology framework for developing platform-independent knowledge-based engineering systems in the aerospace industry
This paper presents the development of a novel knowledge-based engineering (KBE) framework for implementing platform-independent knowledge-enabled product design systems within the aerospace industry. The aim of the KBE framework is to strengthen the structure, reuse and portability of knowledge consumed within KBE systems in view of supporting the cost-effective and long-term preservation of knowledge within such systems. The proposed KBE framework uses an ontology-based approach for semantic knowledge management and adopts a model-driven architecture style from the software engineering discipline. Its phases are mainly (1) Capture knowledge required for KBE system; (2) Ontology model construct of KBE system; (3) Platform-independent model (PIM) technology selection and implementation and (4) Integration of PIM KBE knowledge with computer-aided design system. A rigorous methodology is employed which is comprised of five qualitative phases namely, requirement analysis for the KBE framework, identifying software and ontological engineering elements, integration of both elements, proof of concept prototype demonstrator and finally experts validation. A case study investigating four primitive three-dimensional geometry shapes is used to quantify the applicability of the KBE framework in the aerospace industry. Additionally, experts within the aerospace and software engineering sector validated the strengths/benefits and limitations of the KBE framework. The major benefits of the developed approach are in the reduction of man-hours required for developing KBE systems within the aerospace industry and the maintainability and abstraction of the knowledge required for developing KBE systems. This approach strengthens knowledge reuse and eliminates platform-specific approaches to developing KBE systems ensuring the preservation of KBE knowledge for the long term
A survey on software coupling relations and tools
Context
Coupling relations reflect the dependencies between software entities and can be used to assess the quality of a program. For this reason, a vast amount of them has been developed, together with tools to compute their related metrics. However, this makes the coupling measures suitable for a given application challenging to find.
Goals
The first objective of this work is to provide a classification of the different kinds of coupling relations, together with the metrics to measure them. The second consists in presenting an overview of the tools proposed until now by the software engineering academic community to extract these metrics.
Method
This work constitutes a systematic literature review in software engineering. To retrieve the referenced publications, publicly available scientific research databases were used. These sources were queried using keywords inherent to software coupling. We included publications from the period 2002 to 2017 and highly cited earlier publications. A snowballing technique was used to retrieve further related material.
Results
Four groups of coupling relations were found: structural, dynamic, semantic and logical. A fifth set of coupling relations includes approaches too recent to be considered an independent group and measures developed for specific environments. The investigation also retrieved tools that extract the metrics belonging to each coupling group.
Conclusion
This study shows the directions followed by the research on software coupling: e.g., developing metrics for specific environments. Concerning the metric tools, three trends have emerged in recent years: use of visualization techniques, extensibility and scalability. Finally, some coupling metrics applications were presented (e.g., code smell detection), indicating possible future research directions. Public preprint [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2002001]
Detailed Overview of Software Smells
This document provides an overview of literature concerning software smells covering various dimensions of smells along with their corresponding references
A COUPLING AND COHESION METRICS SUITE FOR
The increasing need for software quality measurements has led to extensive research
into software metrics and the development of software metric tools. To maintain high
quality software, developers need to strive for a low-coupled and highly cohesive
design. One of many properties considered when measuring coupling and cohesion is the
type of relationships that made up coupling and cohesion. What these specific
relationships are is widely understood and accepted by researchers and practitioners.
However, different researchers base their metrics on a different subset of these
relationships.
Studies have shown that because of the inclusion of multiple subsets of relationships
in one measure of coupling and cohesion metrics, the measures tend to correlate among
each other. Validation of these metrics against maintainability index of a Java program
suggested that there is high multicollinearity among coupling and cohesion metrics.
This research introduces an approach of implementing coupling and cohesion
metrics. Every possible relationship is considered and, for each, addressed the issue of
whether or not it has significant effect on maintainability index prediction. Validation of
orthogonality of the selected metrics is assessed by means of principal component
analysis. The investigation suggested that some of the metrics are independent set of
metrics, while some are measuring similar dimension
Online Learning Quality Measurement Application for Higher Education: Development and Analysis Using ISO 9126
This study aims to develop an application for measuring the quality of online learning in higher education using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model and analyze the quality of the application using the ISO 9126 standard. This is a Research and Development study. The application development process uses the software development life cycle (SDLC) method with the waterfall method. Furthermore, the application quality analysis process uses the ISO 9126 standard, consisting of functionality, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, usability, and portability. The results showed that the application for measuring the quality of higher education online learning based on the AHP model had been successfully developed using the SDLC method with the waterfall model. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of application quality using the ISO 9126 standard show that the average results are excellent and suitable for assessing the quality of online learning in higher education.
Keywords: online learning, higher education, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), ISO 912
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