34,281 research outputs found
Indefinite Causal Order in a Quantum Switch
In quantum mechanics events can happen in no definite causal order: in
practice this can be verified by measuring a causal witness, in the same way
that an entanglement witness verifies entanglement. Indefinite causal order can
be observed in a quantum switch, where two operations act in a quantum
superposition of the two possible orders. Here we realise a photonic quantum
switch, where polarisation coherently controls the order of two operations,
and , on the transverse spatial mode of the photons. Our
setup avoids the limitations of earlier implementations: the operations cannot
be distinguished by spatial or temporal position. We show that our quantum
switch has no definite causal order, by constructing a causal witness and
measuring its value to be 18 standard deviations beyond the definite-order
bound
Archaeological practices, knowledge work and digitalisation
Defining what constitute archaeological practices is a prerequisite for understanding where and how archaeological and archaeologically relevant information and knowledge are made, what counts as archaeological information, and where the limits are situated. The aim of this position paper, developed as a part of the COST action Archaeological practices and knowledge work in the digital environment (www.arkwork.eu), is to highlight the need for at least a relative consensus on the extents of archaeological practices in order to be able to understand and develop archaeological practices and knowledge work in the contemporary digital context. The text discusses approaches to study archaeological practices and knowledge work including Nicoliniâs notions of zooming in and zooming out, and proposes that a distinction between archaeological and archaeology-related practices could provide a way to negotiate the âarchaeologicalityâ of diverse practices
Video recording true single-photon double-slit interference
As normally used, no commercially available camera has a low-enough dark
noise to directly produce video recordings of double-slit interference at the
photon-by-photon level, because readout noise significantly contaminates or
overwhelms the signal. In this work, noise levels are significantly reduced by
turning on the camera only when the presence of a photon has been heralded by
the arrival, at an independent detector, of a time-correlated photon produced
via parametric down-conversion. This triggering scheme provides the improvement
required for direct video imaging of Young's double-slit experiment with single
photons, allowing clarified versions of this foundational demonstration.
Further, we introduce variations on this experiment aimed at promoting
discussion of the role spatial coherence plays in such a measurement. We also
emphasize complementary aspects of single-photon measurement, where imaging
yields (transverse) position information, while diffraction yields the
transverse momentum, and highlight the roles of transverse position and
momentum correlations between down-converted photons, including examples of
"ghost" imaging and diffraction. The videos can be accessed at
http://sun.iwu.edu/~gspaldin/SinglePhotonVideos.html online.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Childhood and the politics of scale: Descaling children's geographies?
This is the post-print version of the final published paper that is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2008 SAGE Publications.The past decade has witnessed a resurgence of interest in the geographies of children's lives, and particularly in engaging the voices and activities of young people in geographical research. Much of this growing body of scholarship is characterized by a very parochial locus of interest â the neighbourhood, playground, shopping mall or journey to school. In this paper I explore some of the roots of children's geographies' preoccupation with the micro-scale and argue that it limits the relevance of research, both politically and to other areas of geography. In order to widen the scope of children's geographies, some scholars have engaged with developments in the theorization of scale. I present these arguments but also point to their limitations. As an alternative, I propose that the notion of a flat ontology might help overcome some difficulties around scalar thinking, and provide a useful means of conceptualizing sociospatiality in material and non-hierarchical terms. Bringing together flat ontology and work in children's geographies on embodied subjectivity, I argue that it is important to examine the nature and limits of children's spaces of perception and action. While these spaces are not simply `local', they seldom afford children opportunities to comment on, or intervene in, the events, processes and decisions that shape their own lives. The implications for the substance and method of children's geographies and for geographical work on scale are considered
Repair Matters
Repair has visibly come to the fore in recent academic and policy debates, to the point that ârepair studiesâ is now emerging as a novel focus of research. Through the lens of repair, scholars with diverse backgrounds are coming together to rethink our relationships with the human-made matters, tools and objects that are the material mesh in which organisational life takes place as a political question. This special issue is interested to map the ways that repair can contribute to organisational models alternative to those centered around growth. In order to explore the politics of repair in the context of organization studies, the papers gathered here investigate issues such as: repair as a specific kind of care and socially reproductive labour; repair as a direct intervention into the cornerstones of capitalist economy, such as exchange versus use value, division of work and property relations; repair of infrastructures and their relation with the broader environment; and finally repair as the reflective practice of fixing the organizational systems and institutional habits in which we dwell. What emerges from the diversity of experiences surveyed in this issue is that repair manifests itself as both a regime of practice and counter-conduct that demand an active and persistent engagement of practitioners with the systemic contradictions and power struggles shaping our material world
The Armenian ĂskĂŒdar amid a conditional plurality
This dissertation is devoted to exploring Armenian ĂskĂŒdar (an Anatolian side municipality of Istanbul) and its surroundings within the lenses of âconvivialityâ as conceptualized by Freitag (2014). Armenian neighborhoods in ĂskĂŒdar had all its relevance within the Ottoman rule in Constantinople, and throughout the Republican period, gradually dissolved to the extent that the notion of ĂskĂŒdar Armenians make little to no sense today. In this dissertation, the Armenian neighborhoods with its public spaces: streets, theatres, music halls, taverns; and community spaces: churches and schools will be reconstructed. It will demonstrate how Armenian ĂskĂŒdar spatially integrated into the larger geography. Although divided by orchards, large roads and cemeteries, this study will also illustrate how ĂskĂŒdar Armenian neighborhoods seem to have been compact, as if isolated from the rest. The spatial, political and social parameters that contributed to the Armenianâs dominant position will be contextualized in the three neighborhoods: Yeni Mahalle, Selamsız and Ä°cadiye. Moreover, I will demonstrate how the center of gravity in the Armenian ĂskĂŒdar had shifted initially from Yeni Mahalle to Selamsız, and then in the late 19th century to Ä°cadiye. By doing so, this study traces spatial imprints of the transformation of the power structure within the Armenian community, a major shift of the power from traditional aristocratic elite with ties to the Ottoman government, solidifying in Selamsız; to the modern elite gradually but powerfully flourishing in Ä°cadiye
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London in space and time: Peter Ackroyd and Will Self
Copyright @ 2013 the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License.This paper explores the treatment of London by two authors who are profoundly influenced by the concept of the power of place and the nature of urban space. The works of Peter Ackroyd, whose writings embody, according to Onega (1997, p. 208) â[a] yearning for mythical closureâ where London is âa mystic centre of powerâ â spiritual, transhistorical and cultural â are considered alongside those of Will Self, who explores the cityâs psychogeography as primarily a political, economic and cultural artefact. The paper draws on original interviews undertaken by the author with Ackroyd and Self. Both authorsâ works are available for literary study during the 16-19 phase in the UK, and this paper explores how personal delineations of the urban environment are shaped by space and language. It goes on to consider how authorsâ and studentsâ personal understandings of space and place can be used as pedagogical and theoretical lenses to âreadâ the city in the 16-19 literature classroom
Editorial: Craft and the Handmade: Making the intangible visible
In November 2014, the Department of Fashion and Textiles at the University of Huddersfield hosted the conference Transition: Re-thinking Textiles and Surfaces. The conference sought to scrutinize current and future developments in textile research and its applications within the wider context of the creative industries. With keynote presentations from Professor Becky Earley, Professor Jane Harris, Dr Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, publisher David Shah and Trend Union forecaster Philip Fimmano, this two day event brought together a myriad of theoretical perspectives and material approaches through four distinct tracks: Science and Technology, Sustainable Futures, Craft and the Handmade and Enterprise/Industry/Business.
This guest edited issue of Craft Research focuses on Craft and the Handmade and features articles that were first delivered as papers within this track
Gravitational lensing: a unique probe of dark matter and dark energy
I review the development of gravitational lensing as a powerful tool of the observational cosmologist. After the historic eclipse expedition organized by Arthur Eddington and Frank Dyson, the subject lay observationally dormant for 60 years. However, subsequent progress has been astonishingly rapid, especially in the past decade, so that gravitational lensing now holds the key to unravelling the two most profound mysteries of our Universeâthe nature and distribution of dark matter, and the origin of the puzzling cosmic acceleration first identified in the late 1990s. In this non-specialist review, I focus on the unusual history and achievements of gravitational lensing and its future observational prospects
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