Exploring the role of egocentrism and fear of missing out on online risk behaviours among adolescents in South Africa

The study explored the potential for developmental and social factors to predict adolescent online risk behaviour. Employing a sample of 1184 adolescents aged 12–18 in South Africa, the study examined gender, age, egocentrism (Personal Fable and Imaginary Audience) and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on online risk taking. Results showed that all variables were significant predictors of online risk behaviour. Higher Imaginary Audience, higher FoMO and older age emerged as strongest predictors, and males engaged in more online risks. FoMO also correlated significantly with egocentrism constructs. The findings indicate that egocentrism is a relevant developmental construct for understanding adolescent online risk taking along with social factors like FoMO, which can inform more targeted online safety efforts at particular developmental stages

Aplikasi model Rasch pada adaptasi skala personal fable remaja di Jawa Barat

Abstract The research aims to examine the reliability and validity of a new personal fable scale in West Java adapted from Lapsley dkk. (1989). New Personal Fable Scale consists of 46 items with 3 dimensions:  invulnerability, omnipotence, and personal uniqueness. The subjects of this study were 489 adolescents in West Java. The Rasch Model analysis from summary statistics, scalograms, item measure, person measure, and dimensionality map shows that this scale’s model is a good fit. The convergent validity test shows that the new personal fable scale which is adapted to Bahasa is valid. Reliability with a Cronbach Alpha method is 0,8 which means this scale is reliable. The results indicate that there are several items that need to be improved. This research provides information about the psychometric properties of egocentrism in adolescent especially personal fable in West Java.Keywords: Adolescents; Egocentrism; Personal Fable; Reliability; Validity  Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat reliabilitas dan validitas alat ukur personal fable adaptasi secara bahasa yang disesuaikan dengan faktor kultur budaya di Jawa Barat yang berasal dari Lapsley dkk. (1989). Alat ukur personal fable terdiri dari 46 aitem dengan 3 dimensi yaitu invulnerability, omnipotence, dan personal uniqueness. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 489 remaja di Jawa Barat. Hasil uji model Rasch dilihat dari analisis summary statistic, scalogram, item measure, person measure, dan dimensionality map menyatakan bahwa alat ukur fit dengan model. Alat ukur adaptasi ini dikatakan valid dilihat dari hasil uji validitas konvergen. Reliabilitas yang dianalisis dengan koefisien Alpha Cronbach sebesar 0,8 menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur adaptasi ini reliabel. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya beberapa aitem yang perlu diperbaiki dalam rangka penyempurnaan alat ukur adaptasi. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi dan memperkaya referensi keilmuan psikologi dan psikometri pada konstruk egosentrisme remaja khususnya personal fable di Jawa Barat.Kata kunci: Egosentrisme; Personal Fable; Remaja; Reliabilitas; Validita

PENGARUH IMAGINARY AUDIENCE DAN PERSONAL FABLE TERHADAP PERILAKU AGRESI REMAJA DI KOTA BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Salma Muthia Azhari (1500959). Pengaruh Imaginary Audience dan Personal Fable Terhadap Perilaku Agresi Remaja di Kota Bandung. Skripsi. Departemen Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Bandung. (2019). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh imaginary audience dan personal fable terhadap perilaku agresi remaja di Kota Bandung secara parsial dan simultan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan responden sebanyak 395 remaja berusia 13-18 di Kota Bandung. Instrumen pada penelitian ini merupakan adaptasi dari New Imaginary Audience Scale untuk mengukur imaginary audience, New Personal Fable Scale untuk mengukur personal fable, dan Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire untuk mengukur perilaku agresi. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah regresi linear dan regresi berganda. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial imaginary audience dan personal fable memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku agresi. Dengan kontribusi imaginary audience lebih besar pengaruhnya terhadap perilaku agresi dibandingkan personal fable. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan imaginary audience dan personal fable memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku agresi. Kata kunci: imaginary audience, perilaku agresi, personal fable, remaja di Kota Bandung   ABSTRACT Salma Muthia Azhari (1500959). The Contribution of Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable on Youth Aggression Behavior in the City of Bandung. Unpublished research paper. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Indonesian University of Education. Bandung. (2019). This study aims to determine the contribution of imaginary audience and personal fable on adolescent aggression behavior in the city of Bandung partially and simultaneously. The research method used is a quantitative method with 395 respondents aged 13-18 in Bandung. The instruments in this is an adaptations of the New Imaginary Audience Scale to measure imaginary audiences, the New Personal Fable Scale to measure personal fables, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire to measure aggression behavior. Data analysis techniques used in this study are linear regression and multiple regression. The results obtained indicate that partially imaginary audience and personal fable have an influence on aggression behavior. With the contribution of imaginary audience, the effect is greater on aggression than personal fable. In addition, this study also shows that simultaneously imaginary audience and personal fable have an influence on aggression behavior. Keywords: adolescents in the city of Bandung, aggression behavior, imaginary audience, personal fabl

Kecenderungan Remaja menjadi Pelaku Perundungan-Siber: Kontribusi Harga Diri dan Kesepian

This study aimed to empirically test the tendency to be cyber-bullies in adolescents predicted by self-esteem and loneliness. The method used in this study is quantitative method. Research participants were adolescents with an age between 12 – 17 years, using communication devices connected to the internet and claimed to have mocked or insulted other through social network sites. There were 646 participants involved in this study. The data collection in this study used two methods, that were the list of content and scales. The scale used were the scale of tendency of being a cyber-bullies, adolecents self-esteem scale and adolescents loneliness scale. The reseach instrument was analyzed with content validity and realibility of Cronbach alpha ( =0,88, =0,90 =0,88). Data analysis used multiple regression analysis technique. The results showed that self-esteem and loneliness significantly can predicted the tendency of being a cyber-bullies in adolescents. The tendency to be a cyber-bullies was predicted by self-esteem and loneliness of 3.3%

It is not your fault, tell someone: case studies of young women's experiences of online grooming in England

This research study aimed to explore how young people experience cybercrime, with the study being inductive. Thus, the type of crime(s) emerged from the convenience sample and so happened to be online grooming of young women. Using the case study method, two semi-structured interviews were conducted with young women who were ages 12 and 16 (at time of the study) with in-depth information provided for each case. The data was then triangulated between the research team and the Victim Service who co-created the study (including materials) and co-produced the manuscript. This method of triangulation also occurred to ensure the similarities and differences identified in the discussion. Similarities included that both young women had a trusted adult to tell, and that they were not to blame. Differences occurred with the police involvement as well as contradictions in the advice of ‘just block them’. This study calls for better school-based interventions and police response using actual case studies for training and education. Suggestions for future research are further explored and include: more tailored quantitative projects, further case studies and other qualitative methods, and a standardised curriculum for safety that can be devised with the Victim Service. Most importantly if online grooming occurs, this is not because the individual has done something wrong or deserve it, rather they should tell an adult and seek help to end the behaviour

An Exploration of the Impact of Shame, Narcissism and Social Rank on the Distress and Wellbeing of Midadolescents: Does Self-Compassion Have a Role?

Background: Adolescence is a pivotal developmental period in the lifecycle. Aspects of shame, narcissism and social rank have all been associated with distress and wellbeing in adolescence, however no studies to date have investigated the impact of those constructs together in terms of their predictive value. Extant research has identified self-compassion as protective and associated with increased wellbeing. Aims: This study aimed to explore the relationships between external, internal and shame proneness; grandiose and vulnerable narcissism; social comparison and submissive behaviour, and self-compassion; and to explore the impact of those variables and the relationships between them upon psychological distress and wellbeing. Method: From the pragmatist approach this study adopted a cross-sectional, quantitative approach. Mid-adolescents aged 16-17 (N=142) were recruited and invited to complete a battery of self-report questionnaires via school or online survey. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore relationships and predictive associations between the variables and moderation analysis was performed to test the effects of self-compassion on the regression models. Results: This population was found to be low in wellbeing and moderate in distress. Multiple regression analyses found distress was predicted by internal shame, shame proneness, submissive behaviour and vulnerable narcissism; wellbeing was predicted by shame proneness; submissive behaviour and vulnerable narcissism (negatively) and social comparison and grandiose narcissism (positively). Self-compassion did not correlate with or predict distress, however its predictive power on wellbeing was marked. Moderation analyses showed self-compassion does not moderate distress or wellbeing. Conclusion: These novel findings suggest two predictive models for shame, narcissism and social rank in distress and wellbeing for an adolescent population, and show the impact of self-compassion. A more selfcompassionate attitude was related to increased wellbeing, hence those high in distress could benefit from compassion-based interventions and educational initiatives. Further investigations are warranted

A Case Study Analysis among Former Urban Gifted High School Dropouts

The dropout social problem has been the focus of researchers, business and community leaders, and school staffs for decades. Despite possessing significant academic high school capabilities, some gifted students drop out of school. The research problem for this study includes, how and why former gifted urban high school students chose to drop out. The conceptual framework for this case study is Bronfenbrenner\u27s human ecology theory. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of what lead former gifted urban students to dropping out of high school. Using purposive sampling, 4 participants, two men and two women, were selected for semi-structured interviews. The sample included an African-American, Filipino, Caucasian, and Haitian/Cuban/Syrian, whose ages ranged from 38-77 years old. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed using first, second, and pattern coding. The resulting themes were (a) family discord, (b) school not interesting, and (c) no role model, and (d) minimum family participation. The former gifted high school students\u27 dropout experiences were rooted in the microsystem perspective of the human ecology theory. The implications for social change from this study findings may help inform those who manage and teach gifted programs about the mindsets of students in gifted services

Therapist Self-Disclosure with Mandated College Students: A Case Study

Facing the stark reality of a disturbing mental health crisis present in the college populations of the United States, college counseling centers (CCC) must figure out ways in which they can utilize all of their available limited resources, especially regarding potential high-risk students who are unlikely to seek treatment and those that pose a danger to self or others. In certain cases, mandated treatment can potentially mitigate or eliminate crises, and may serve as an effective intervention to students whose risky behavior may be normalized within the culture of colleges across the United States. However, while this course of treatment may be a useful way to ensure that these high-risk students are connected to a therapist in their counseling center, mandating treatment does not guarantee positive treatment outcomes. In fact, this setting creates numerous, highly specific factors that serve as potential barriers to progress when compared with voluntary treatment. In spite of these difficulties, proper and careful use of therapist self-disclosure (TSD) - the revealing of personal information, thoughts, or feelings to a client - has the potential to be a uniquely powerful intervention for college counselors, as it addresses many of the specific issues involved with mandated therapy directly. This paper aims to review the literature on the current state of CCCs, psychological perspectives regarding the overall effectiveness of TSD, proposed classification systems to help determine appropriate and inappropriate implementations of TSD, and how this information can be applied specifically within mandated settings. In addition, this will be followed by a case study that outlines examples of the use of TSD with mandated college students, reflecting some of the potential benefits and risks associated with the intervention. While TSD in these cases generally led to the accelerated building of a positive therapeutic relationship, there were also clear instances in which disclosure may have produced adverse effects. Thus, an examination of the current literature and the specifics of this case study highlights the importance of conducting additional research on the proper implementation of TSD when treating mandated college students. Additional research in this area should focus on providing college counselors with superior training regarding TSD and clearer guidelines with the aim of effectively and efficiently addressing the issues facing their students

Narcissism and Intimate Partner Violence: An Establishment of the Link and Investigation of Multiple Potential Mediators

Intimate partner violence (IPV) involves physical, psychological, and/or emotional violence within intimate (e.g., dating) relationships. In this thesis, I examined narcissism as a predictor of IPV. I used an offensive- and defensive-trait framework to come up with 10 potential mediator variables that often typify narcissism and underlie IPV. Correlation analyses confirmed the expected link between narcissism and IPV. Subsequent bootstrapping mediation analysis of IPV-frequency revealed significant indirect effects for 2 mediators - social dominance orientation and the hostile attribution bias-based tendency to retaliate in the face of ambiguous but potentially malevolent social interactions. Bootstrapping analysis of IPV-prevalence also revealed an additional significant indirect effect for hypercompetitiveness. In both bootstrapping analyses the mediator variables only provided partial mediation of the narcissismto- IPV link. In the discussion I focus on the implications for IPV perpetration and research, including avenues for future research and potential interventions for IPV centered on mitigating narcissism