COMBINATORIAL ASPECTS OF EXCEDANCES AND THE FROBENIUS COMPLEX

In this dissertation we study the excedance permutation statistic. We start by extending the classical excedance statistic of the symmetric group to the affine symmetric group eSn and determine the generating function of its distribution. The proof involves enumerating lattice points in a skew version of the root polytope of type A. Next we study the excedance set statistic on the symmetric group by defining a related algebra which we call the excedance algebra. A combinatorial interpretation of expansions from this algebra is provided. The second half of this dissertation deals with the topology of the Frobenius complex, that is the order complex of a poset whose definition was motivated by the classical Frobenius problem. We determine the homotopy type of the Frobenius complex in certain cases using discrete Morse theory. We end with an enumeration of Q-factorial posets. Open questions and directions for future research are located at the end of each chapter

Non-ambiguous trees : new results and generalisation.

We present a new definition of non-ambiguous trees (NATs) as labelled binary trees. We thus get a differential equationwhose solution can be described combinatorially. This yields a new formula for the number of NATs. We also obtain q-versions of our formula. We finally generalise NATs to higher dimension

A Combinatorial Miscellany: Antipodes, Parking Cars, and Descent Set Powers

In this dissertation we first introduce an extension of the notion of parking functions to cars of different sizes. We prove a product formula for the number of such sequences and provide a refinement using a multi-parameter extension of the Abel--Rothe polynomial. Next, we study the incidence Hopf algebra on the noncrossing partition lattice. We demonstrate a bijection between the terms in the canceled chain decomposition of its antipode and noncrossing hypertrees. Thirdly, we analyze the sum of the th powers of the descent set statistic on permutations and how many small prime factors occur in these numbers. These results depend upon the base expansion of both the dimension and the power of these statistics. Finally, we inspect the ƒ-vector of the descent polytope DPv, proving a maximization result using an analogue of the boustrophedon transform

On Some Quadratic Algebras I 12\frac{1}{2}: Combinatorics of Dunkl and Gaudin Elements, Schubert, Grothendieck, Fuss-Catalan, Universal Tutte and Reduced Polynomials

We study some combinatorial and algebraic properties of certain quadratic algebras related with dynamical classical and classical Yang-Baxter equations. One can find more details about the content of present paper in Extended Abstract.Comment: Dedicated to the memory of Alain Lascoux (1944-2013). Preprint RIMS-1817, 172 page

Statistical Consequences of Fat Tails: Real World Preasymptotics, Epistemology, and Applications

The monograph investigates the misapplication of conventional statistical techniques to fat tailed distributions and looks for remedies, when possible. Switching from thin tailed to fat tailed distributions requires more than "changing the color of the dress". Traditional asymptotics deal mainly with either n=1 or $n=\infty$, and the real world is in between, under of the "laws of the medium numbers" --which vary widely across specific distributions. Both the law of large numbers and the generalized central limit mechanisms operate in highly idiosyncratic ways outside the standard Gaussian or Levy-Stable basins of convergence. A few examples: + The sample mean is rarely in line with the population mean, with effect on "naive empiricism", but can be sometimes be estimated via parametric methods. + The "empirical distribution" is rarely empirical. + Parameter uncertainty has compounding effects on statistical metrics. + Dimension reduction (principal components) fails. + Inequality estimators (GINI or quantile contributions) are not additive and produce wrong results. + Many "biases" found in psychology become entirely rational under more sophisticated probability distributions + Most of the failures of financial economics, econometrics, and behavioral economics can be attributed to using the wrong distributions. This book, the first volume of the Technical Incerto, weaves a narrative around published journal articles