270 research outputs found
A Sequential Circuit-Based IP Watermarking Algorithm for Multiple Scan Chains in Design-for-Test
In Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) design, the existing Design-for-Test(DFT) based watermarking techniques usually insert watermark through reordering scan cells, which causes large resource overhead, low security and coverage rate of watermark detection. A novel scheme was proposed to watermark multiple scan chains in DFT for solving the problems. The proposed scheme adopts DFT scan test model of VLSI design, and uses a Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) for pseudo random test vector generation. All of the test vectors are shifted in scan input for the construction of multiple scan chains with minimum correlation. Specific registers in multiple scan chains will be changed by the watermark circuit for watermarking the design. The watermark can be effectively detected without interference with normal function of the circuit, even after the chip is packaged. The experimental results on several ISCAS benchmarks show that the proposed scheme has lower resource overhead, probability of coincidence and higher coverage rate of watermark detection by comparing with the existing methods
Digital watermarking and novel security devices
EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Digital watermark technology in security applications
With the rising emphasis on security and the number of fraud related crimes
around the world, authorities are looking for new technologies to tighten
security of identity. Among many modern electronic technologies, digital
watermarking has unique advantages to enhance the document authenticity.
At the current status of the development, digital watermarking technologies
are not as matured as other competing technologies to support identity authentication
systems. This work presents improvements in performance of
two classes of digital watermarking techniques and investigates the issue of
watermark synchronisation.
Optimal performance can be obtained if the spreading sequences are designed
to be orthogonal to the cover vector. In this thesis, two classes of
orthogonalisation methods that generate binary sequences quasi-orthogonal
to the cover vector are presented. One method, namely "Sorting and Cancelling"
generates sequences that have a high level of orthogonality to the
cover vector. The Hadamard Matrix based orthogonalisation method, namely
"Hadamard Matrix Search" is able to realise overlapped embedding, thus the
watermarking capacity and image fidelity can be improved compared to using
short watermark sequences. The results are compared with traditional
pseudo-randomly generated binary sequences. The advantages of both classes
of orthogonalisation inethods are significant.
Another watermarking method that is introduced in the thesis is based
on writing-on-dirty-paper theory. The method is presented with biorthogonal
codes that have the best robustness. The advantage and trade-offs of
using biorthogonal codes with this watermark coding methods are analysed
comprehensively. The comparisons between orthogonal and non-orthogonal
codes that are used in this watermarking method are also made. It is found
that fidelity and robustness are contradictory and it is not possible to optimise
them simultaneously.
Comparisons are also made between all proposed methods. The comparisons
are focused on three major performance criteria, fidelity, capacity and
robustness. aom two different viewpoints, conclusions are not the same. For
fidelity-centric viewpoint, the dirty-paper coding methods using biorthogonal
codes has very strong advantage to preserve image fidelity and the advantage
of capacity performance is also significant. However, from the power
ratio point of view, the orthogonalisation methods demonstrate significant
advantage on capacity and robustness. The conclusions are contradictory
but together, they summarise the performance generated by different design
considerations.
The synchronisation of watermark is firstly provided by high contrast
frames around the watermarked image. The edge detection filters are used
to detect the high contrast borders of the captured image. By scanning
the pixels from the border to the centre, the locations of detected edges
are stored. The optimal linear regression algorithm is used to estimate the
watermarked image frames. Estimation of the regression function provides
rotation angle as the slope of the rotated frames. The scaling is corrected by
re-sampling the upright image to the original size. A theoretically studied
method that is able to synchronise captured image to sub-pixel level accuracy
is also presented. By using invariant transforms and the "symmetric
phase only matched filter" the captured image can be corrected accurately
to original geometric size. The method uses repeating watermarks to form an
array in the spatial domain of the watermarked image and the the array that
the locations of its elements can reveal information of rotation, translation
and scaling with two filtering processes
Symmetry-Adapted Machine Learning for Information Security
Symmetry-adapted machine learning has shown encouraging ability to mitigate the security risks in information and communication technology (ICT) systems. It is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that relies on the principles of processing future events by learning past events or historical data. The autonomous nature of symmetry-adapted machine learning supports effective data processing and analysis for security detection in ICT systems without the interference of human authorities. Many industries are developing machine-learning-adapted solutions to support security for smart hardware, distributed computing, and the cloud. In our Special Issue book, we focus on the deployment of symmetry-adapted machine learning for information security in various application areas. This security approach can support effective methods to handle the dynamic nature of security attacks by extraction and analysis of data to identify hidden patterns of data. The main topics of this Issue include malware classification, an intrusion detection system, image watermarking, color image watermarking, battlefield target aggregation behavior recognition model, IP camera, Internet of Things (IoT) security, service function chain, indoor positioning system, and crypto-analysis
A Study in Image Watermarking Schemes using Neural Networks
The digital watermarking technique, an effective way to protect image, has become the research focus on neural network. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief study on broad theories and discuss the different types of neural networks for image watermarking. Most of the research interest image watermarking based on neural network in discrete wavelet transform or discrete cosine transform. Generally image watermarking based on neural network to solve the problem on to reduce the error, improve the rate of the learning, achieves goods imperceptibility and robustness. It will be useful for researches to implement effective image watermarking by using neural network
Physical Layer Watermarking of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals
Security services and mechanisms in wireless networks have long been studied and developed. However, compared to upper network layers, physical layer security did not play a signicant role in the OSI security model. Thanks to the easier implementation and verication methods brought by the development of software dened radio (SDR) techniques, physical layer security mechanisms have recently drawn increasing interest from researchers. Digital watermarking is one of the popular security techniques that can fully utilize various exclusive characteristics of the physical layer. This thesis proposes a physical layer watermarking technique named Water-marked Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) or WDSSS technique, which embeds authentication information into pseudonoise (PN) sequences of a DSSS system. The design and implementation of the WDSSS prototype system on the GNU Radio/USRP SDR platform is discussed, as well as two watermark embedding methods, the maximized minimum distance method and the sub-sequence method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results on the WDSSS prototype system are presented to evaluate the performances of both the content signal and the watermark signal. Results show that, for the 11-chip PN sequence, increasing articial chip errors has aquantitatively predictable impact on the content signal, requiring 2 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to maintain an acceptable packet error rate (PER) for one additional ipped chip. In terms of the watermark signal, the two embedding methods demonstrated individual advantages in either PER or throughput. The maximized minimum distance method outperforms the sub-sequence embedding method with a 3 dB lower SNR requirement, while the latter provides 400 more throughput than the former with adequate SN
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