Experimental investigation of a digital electromechanical system to measure soil bulk density in a silty clay soil under different solarisation practices

A digital electromechanical system (DES) is an innovative system for in situ measurement of soil dry bulk density (ρb) based on microwave drying of automatically collected core samples. This paper determines the effectiveness of DES for measuring soil ρb in a silty clay soil under solarisation conditions. The experimental design consisted of 2 by 2 m plots arranged in a split-plot design with systematic plot arrangement, and three replicates were made. Three different treatments were used, namely, the tillage system, mulching system (the plastic type used × fertiliser added) and soil depth. The parameters investigated included soil , moisture content (µ) and evaporated soil moisture (EMC), which were all measured using DES. Results demonstrated that could be accurately measured using DES under different experimental conditions, and the accuracy was affected by the three different treatments studied. Although accurate results were obtained with DES, the highest systematic error was found for plots with single sheet transparent cover × without fertiliser under mouldboard plough followed by a spring disk system. EMC was strongly dependent on the mulching, tillage systems, and soil depth, which were directly related to the initial µ and the water holding capacity of the soil, having a significant role in determining the mean microwave drying time. The results indicated that changed with tillage system and mulching type and increased with soil depth. Thus, it is recommended to use the innovative DES to measure ρb and µ under solarisation practice with different tillage systems and mulching types and for different soil depths

Social work with airports passengers

Social work at the airport is in to offer to passengers social services. The main methodological position is that people are under stress, which characterized by a particular set of characteristics in appearance and behavior. In such circumstances passenger attracts in his actions some attention. Only person whom he trusts can help him with the documents or psychologically