A collaborative framework in outbound logistics for the us automakers

The competitive landscape of the U.S. automotive market has transformed from the traditional Big Three players to too many viable players. In 2008-2009, the harsh market conditions, excess production capacity, capital asset redundancies, and many inefficient strategies submerged as the roadblocks for the US automakers to stay competitive and profitable in the North American market. In this new competitive era, cross-company collaboration in product development, standardizing and communizing supply base, sharing flexible manufacturing platforms, using common inbound and out bound logistics service providers and warehousing etc. can play vital roles for the US automakers to reduce overall cost and return to profitability. Through the horizontal collaboration in the outbound logistics operations, these companies can create close-knit business partnership and act faster than the foreign rivals in delivering finished vehicles at the optimum cost. The optimization of outbound logistics operations through consolidation and collaboration among OEMs has tremendous potential to contribute to the profitability by lowering the cost of transportation, in-house inventory, transportation time, and facility costs. The collaboration in the intra- and inter-OEM outbound logistics operations is a critical area that the US automakers need to pay attention and prioritize in their cost reduction initiatives. This research presents an integrated collaboration framework for the outbound logistics operations of the US automakers. In our framework, we propose three potential levels for the US automakers to form outbound logistics collaboration: operational, tactical, and strategic. Our research proposition is to improve the performance of outbound logistics systems of automotive OEMs by means of horizontal collaboration between plants and competing OEMs. The proposed research thus relates to the literature on logistics system design and management and horizontal collaboration in supply chain management. The collaboration framework is demonstrated through a real world case study in US automotive industry. The contribution of this research is the introduction of a framework for intra- and inter-OEM collaboration and the development of novel logistics network design and flow models integrated with inventory models, lost sales, and expedited shipment. Besides the contribution to the academic literature, the proposed collaborative distribution system is a new concept in the automotive industry. Hence, this novel research work will also benefit to the practitioners. Keywords: Operational Collaboration, Tactical Collaboration, Strategic Collaboration, Frequency based Inventory, Customer Patience and Lost Sales, Expedited Shipments

An analysis of engine assembly and component production behavior

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79).This study analyses the information and material flow through a component manufacturing and turbine engine assembly system. The intent of this work was to understand the inefficiencies associated with the current system, and to propose solutions which would prove valuable to the entire value chain, not only to one manufacturing site. This work was accomplished by identifying a significant problem in the system, developing a model to replicate historical behavior, then developing solutions to improve material and information flow. The shipment rate of engines from the assembly facility was found to follow a "hockey stick" pattern throughout each production quarter (a three-month cycle), meaning that shipments increased exponentially toward the end of each quarter. Shipments were traced back through the component manufacturing facilities, and the exponential increase of component shipments was shown to follow that of assembly shipments. Interviews were primarily used to establish critical variables in the system, and a system dynamics modeling technique was used to generate a model that mirrored historical shipment data. The model was then manipulated to test the sensitivity of specific production variables, and suggestions were made to improve material and information flow. Finally, a component kit plan was developed that added value to the assembly facility by delivering gear products by order number rather than as separate components. Also, the component production facilities benefit by shortening the existing information feedback loop between component manufacturing and assembly and allowing more level production with less variability amplification from the bullwhip effect. Demand Flow Technology is introduced as a means to then affect the entire supply chain, including supporting functions not directly related to manufacturing.by Thomas M. Blake.S.M.M.B.A

Systematic Procedures to Determine Incentive / Disincentive Dollar Amounts for Highway Transportation Construction Projects, Research Report 11-22

The Federal Highway Administration has encouraged state transportation agencies to implement Incentive/Disincentive (I/D) contracting provisions for early project completion. Although general guidelines to determine the I/D dollar amount for a project are available, there is no systematic and practical tool in use to determine optimum I/D dollar amounts for I/D projects considering road user cost, agency cost, contractor’s acceleration cost, and contractor’s cost savings. Therefore, systematic procedures and models to assist project planners and engineers in determining an appropriate I/D dollar amount are essential to optimizing the use of I/D contracting techniques. This research performed a literature review related to the determination of daily I/D dollar amounts. Caltrans I/D project data were then collected and evaluated. Project performance data were analyzed with regard to project outcomes in two key areas: project time and project cost. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the impact of I/D dollar amount on project time and cost performance. Using Construction Analysis for Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies (CA4PRS) software, Caltrans I/D projects were analyzed to introduce three different levels of CA4PRS implementations for the I/D dollar amounts calculation. Based on the results of the I/D project case studies, the systematic procedures to determine appropriate I/D dollar amounts were developed using the CA4PRS schedule-traffic-cost integration process for the new I-5 rehabilitation project in LA. The proposed procedures were applied to a typical highway pavement rehabilitation project using HMA (hot mix asphalt) materials. Further research is needed to apply the proposed model to other types of highway projects, with adjustment for the type of project

Optimal and heuristic repairable stocking and expediting in a fluctuating demand environment

We consider a single stock point for a repairable item. The repairable item is a critical component that is used in a fleet of technical systems such as trains, planes or manufacturing equipment. A number of spare repairables is purchased at the same time as the technical systems they support. Demand for those items is a Markov modulated Poisson process of which the underlying Markov process can be observed. Backorders occur when demand for a ready-for-use item cannot be fulfilled immediately. Since backorders render a system unavailable for use, there is a penalty per backorder per unit time. Upon failure, defective items are sent to a repair shop that offers the possibility of expediting repair. Expedited repairs have shorter lead times than regular repairs but are also more costly. For this system, two important decisions have to be taken: How many spare repairables to purchase initially and when to expedite repairs. We formulate the decision to use regular or expedited repair as a Markov decision process and characterize the optimal repair expediting policy for the infinite horizon average and discounted cost criteria. We find that the optimal policy may take two forms. The first form is to never expedite repair. The second form is a type of threshold policy. We provide necessary and sufficient closed-form conditions that determine what form is optimal. We also propose a heuristic repair expediting policy which we call the world driven threshold (WDT) policy. This policy is optimal in special cases and shares essential characteristics with the optimal policy otherwise. Because of its simpler structure, the WDT policy is fit for use in practice. We show how to compute optimal repairable stocking decisions in combination with either the optimal or a good WDT expediting policy. In a numerical study, we show that the WDT heuristic performs very close to optimal with an optimality gap below 0.76% for all instances in our test bed. We also compare it to more naive heuristics that do not explicitly use information regarding demand fluctuations and find that the WDT heuristic outperforms these naive heuristics by 11.85% on average and as much as 63.67% in some cases. This shows there is great value in leveraging knowledge about demand fluctuations in making repair expediting decisions

Automobile distribution center.

Tze Kin Hung Alfred."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1996-97, design report."Includes thesis report: Chinese automobile distribution center.Includes bibliographical references (leave 40 (1st gp.); leave 54 (2nd gp.))Chapter 1. --- BackgroundChapter 1.1 --- IntroductionChapter 1.2 --- Client: Porsche crisis and the Project C88Chapter 1.3 --- Programme BriefChapter 1.4 --- Schedule of AccommodationChapter 1.5 --- Site Selection and AnalysisChapter 2. --- Design ProcessChapter 2.1 --- Design PhilosophyChapter 2.2 --- Design evolutionChapter 2.3 --- Final SchemeChapter 3. --- Zoning/LayoutChapter 3.1 --- ZoningChapter 3.2 --- Internal LayoutChapter 4. --- StructureChapter 4.1 --- Structure EvolutionChapter 5. --- ServicesChapter 5.1 --- Ventilation /HVACChapter 5.2 --- DaylightingChapter 5.3 --- Life SafetyChapter 5.4 --- DrainageChapter 6. --- ConstructionChapter 6.1 --- ShowroomChapter 6.2 --- Maintenance CenterChapter 7. --- CostChapter 7.1 --- Sources of Finance 7.2 Cost AnalysisChapter 8. --- Special StudiesChapter 9. --- AcknowledgmentsChapter 10. --- Bibliograph

Tactical Shipping and Scheduling at Polaroid with Dual Lead-Times

We report on a project with Polaroid Corporation in which we developed a supply chain model to provide decision support for planning production and transportation. Production occurs in Asia to serve world-wide demand. Production planners must determine both the production quantities as well as whether to ship by sea or by air. We develop a model to optimize a static version of this problem and then show how to use this static model in a dynamic setting. We test the model with data from Polaroid and show its effectiveness.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA

An Investigation to the Main Components of the Project Study Phase Deliverables and an In-depth Review into the Industry's Schedule Development Practices

One of the key causes of project’s productivity issues is insufficient attention to the project ‘study phase’. In certain developing countries, standard processes do not exist that define the project study phase components and usually project management defines its own (often non-structured) approach to manage the project. The driver for this research is to provide a recommended set of deliverables that can support construction companies to prepare standard procedures at the project study phase

Breaking down apoptosis:animating programmed cell death in 3D for a pathology curriculum

Contemporary medical education is expected to keep up with the rapidly expanding corpus of medical scientific knowledge to train informed doctors. Swift communication and assimilation of complex concepts are required, yet traditional teaching methods are often suboptimal means to this end. This paper details the making of a concise 3D animation on the apoptotic pathways, designed to improve first-year undergraduate medical students’ grasp of cell signalling. A simplified visual language was adopted to increase the effectiveness and expedite the production of beginner molecular biology animations. Favourable student feedback suggests that the chosen design approach could yield further positive results