39,614 research outputs found
Peer-to-peer and community-based markets: A comprehensive review
The advent of more proactive consumers, the so-called "prosumers", with
production and storage capabilities, is empowering the consumers and bringing
new opportunities and challenges to the operation of power systems in a market
environment. Recently, a novel proposal for the design and operation of
electricity markets has emerged: these so-called peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity
markets conceptually allow the prosumers to directly share their electrical
energy and investment. Such P2P markets rely on a consumer-centric and
bottom-up perspective by giving the opportunity to consumers to freely choose
the way they are to source their electric energy. A community can also be
formed by prosumers who want to collaborate, or in terms of operational energy
management. This paper contributes with an overview of these new P2P markets
that starts with the motivation, challenges, market designs moving to the
potential future developments in this field, providing recommendations while
considering a test-case
Reciprocity-driven Sparse Network Formation
A resource exchange network is considered, where exchanges among nodes are
based on reciprocity. Peers receive from the network an amount of resources
commensurate with their contribution. We assume the network is fully connected,
and impose sparsity constraints on peer interactions. Finding the sparsest
exchanges that achieve a desired level of reciprocity is in general NP-hard. To
capture near-optimal allocations, we introduce variants of the Eisenberg-Gale
convex program with sparsity penalties. We derive decentralized algorithms,
whereby peers approximately compute the sparsest allocations, by reweighted l1
minimization. The algorithms implement new proportional-response dynamics, with
nonlinear pricing. The trade-off between sparsity and reciprocity and the
properties of graphs induced by sparse exchanges are examined.Comment: 19 page
Stay by thy neighbor? Social organization determines the efficiency of biodiversity markets with spatial incentives
Market-based conservation instruments, such as payments, auctions or tradable
permits, are environmental policies that create financial incentives for
landowners to engage in voluntary conservation on their land. But what if
ecological processes operate across property boundaries and land use decisions
on one property influence ecosystem functions on neighboring sites? This paper
examines how to account for such spatial externalities when designing
market-based conservation instruments. We use an agent-based model to analyze
different spatial metrics and their implications on land use decisions in a
dynamic cost environment. The model contains a number of alternative submodels
which differ in incentive design and social interactions of agents, the latter
including coordinating as well as cooperating behavior of agents. We find that
incentive design and social interactions have a strong influence on the spatial
allocation and the costs of the conservation market.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
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